(一)后发优势理论认为,经济落后的国家和地区,在推进工业化、现代化的过程中,由于可以直接吸收先进国家和地区的技术、资金、制度和经验,并具有劳动力成本低的优势,从而可以实现经济社会的跨越性发展。二次世界大战后,不少发展中国家通过实行一系列的战略与策略,使其后发优势得以显现,在追赶发达国家的进程中获得成功,中国也是其中的一个。自改革开放 (1) The theory of late-development advantage holds that in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization, economically backward countries and regions can directly absorb the technology, funds, systems and experience of advanced countries and regions and have the advantage of low labor costs. Therefore, Which can achieve the leapfrog economic and social development. After the Second World War, many developing countries adopted a series of strategies and tactics to make their backward advantages appear, and they succeeded in catching up with the developed countries. China is also one of them. Since the reform and opening up