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为实现对设施蔬菜烟粉虱的无公害控制,以番茄和辣椒为试验材料,系统研究秋季无防虫设施的日光温室外栽种蓖麻、温室内蔬菜行间间作芹菜、蔬菜喷施茉莉酸甲酯及调整蔬菜定植时间等措施对蔬菜烟粉虱的控制效果。结果表明:日光温室外种植蓖麻,温室内蔬菜上烟粉虱成虫和若虫量分别下降74.27%和53.48%。番茄行间以3∶1和8∶1的密度间作芹菜,在烟粉虱虫口密度较低的环境中,番茄上烟粉虱成虫量分别下降89.33%和88.00%,若虫量分别下降50.00%和50.00%;在烟粉虱虫口密度较大的环境中,烟粉虱成虫量分别下降70.61%和52.25%,若虫量分别下降70.21%和52.36%。番茄上用浓度为10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7 mol·L-1的茉莉酸甲酯喷施1次后,烟粉虱虫量分别下降75.08%、58.81%、45.04%和30.70%;增加喷施次数,烟粉虱虫量显著下降,如喷施浓度为10-5的茉莉酸甲酯1、2、3次后,烟粉虱虫量分别下降58.81%、69.28%、73.65%。秋季适当推迟辣椒定植时间,避开烟粉虱向温室内迁入的高峰,辣椒上烟粉虱虫口密度明显下降。与吡虫啉防治区相比,综合防治区(芹菜+蓖麻+MeJA处理)烟粉虱成虫和若虫量分别下降63.4%和59.0%,表现出较好的控制效果。
In order to realize the pollution-free control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on vegetables, tomato and peppers were used as experimental materials to study castor plants outside the solar greenhouse with no pest control facilities in autumn. The vegetables in the greenhouse were used as celery and the vegetables were sprayed with methyl jasmonate And adjust the vegetable planting time and other measures on the control effect of Bemisia tabaci. The results showed that adults and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci decreased by 74.27% and 53.48%, respectively. Tomato plants were planted with celery at a density of 3:1 and 8:1. The adult population of Bemisia tabaci decreased by 89.33% and 88.00%, respectively, and the nymphs decreased by 50.00% and 50.00% respectively in the lower population density of B. tabaci. 50.00%. The population of Bemisia tabaci decreased by 70.61% and 52.25%, respectively, and the nymphs decreased by 70.21% and 52.36%, respectively, in the environment with higher population density of B. tabaci. After spraying with methyl jasmonate (10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 mol·L-1) for one time, the population of B. tabaci decreased by 75.08%, 58.81% and 45.04, respectively % And 30.70% respectively. After spraying for several times, the population of B. tabaci decreased significantly. For example, spraying jasmonic acid methyl ester with the concentration of 10-5 1,2,3 times decreased the amount of B. tabaci 58.81%, 69.28% %, 73.65%. Appropriate postponement of chili planting time in autumn, to avoid the white beetle migrate to the peak of the greenhouse, the pepper pest population density decreased significantly. Compared with imidacloprid control area, the adults and nymphs of B. tabaci decreased by 63.4% and 59.0% in the integrated control area (celery + ricin + MeJA treatment), showing good control effects.