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[目的]本研究旨在分离黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum基因组微卫星标记,确定这些微卫星位点的多态性.[方法]使用454 GS-FLX焦磷酸测序技术开发来自中国华南陆地和岛屿的11个黑头酸臭蚁地理种群基因组微卫星位点.从随机设计的100对微卫星引物中筛选出10对引物,用于确定黑头酸臭蚁4个地理种群[东澳岛(DAD)、荷包岛(HBD)、梅州(MZ)和山咀(SJ)]10个微卫星位点的多态性,分析种群遗传多样性和种群分化.[结果]从11个黑头酸臭蚁地理种群基因组中成功开发和分离10对微卫星引物.在DAD,HBD,MZ和SJ 4个地理种群中,10个微卫星位点中7个有高多态性,这10个位点均显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;每个位点的等位基因数量(A)是3.50～9.00个,每个地理种群每个位点等位基因丰富度(AR)在1.992～12.938之间.岛屿地理种群(DAD和HBD)的AR和预期杂合度(HE)与大陆地理种群(MZ和SJ)的相比差异不显著.4个地理种群均显示高水平遗传分化(FST =0.15969);HBD和MZ种群与其他配对地理种群相比,遗传分化较高(FST =0.185),基因流较低,说明这两个种群基因流被限制.此外,遗传变异来自种群内个体之间.[结论]筛选新的微卫星位点能够为研究黑头酸臭蚁种群结构和繁殖结构提供有效工具,以深入了解其传播机制.“,”[Aim]The aim of this study is to isolate microsatellite markers from Tapinoma melanocephalum genome,and to identify polymorphisms of the microsatellite loci.[Methods]We developed microsatellite loci from the genomes of 11 geographic populations of T.melanocephalum from the mainland and islands of South China via 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing technology.We used 10 pairs of microsatellite primers selected from randomly designed 100 pairs of microsatellite primers to determine the polymorphisms of the 10 microsatellite loci and to analyze the population genetic diversity and population differentiation of four geographic populations including Dong\'ao Island (DAD),Hebao Island (HBD),Meizhou (MZ) and Shanju (SJ) of T.melanocephalum.[Results]We successfully developed and isolated 10 pairs of microsatellite primers from the genomes of the 11 geographic populations of T.melanocephalum.In populations DAD,HBD,MZ and SJ,seven of ten microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism and the 10 loci were significantly departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The number of allele (A) per locus was 3.50-9.00,allele richness (AR) per locus in each population ranged from 1.992 to 12.938.The AR and expected heterozygosity (HE) from island geographic populations (DAD and HBD) showed no significant difference from those from mainland geographic populations (MZ and SJ).All of the four geographic populations exhibited higher level of genetic divergence(FST =0.15969).HBD and MZ populations showed higher genetic divergence (FST =0.185) and lower gene flow than other paired geographic populations,suggesting that the gene flow of the two populations was restricted.In addition,the genetic variation derived from between individuals within geographic populations.[Conclusion]Newly screened microsatellite loci can offer an effective tool for researching on the colony structure and breeding structure of T.melanocephalum,so that its spread mechanism can be deeply understood.