在中国近代化的进程中曾出现过几次举借外债、引进外资的高潮 ,而十九世纪末二十世纪初和二十世纪三十年代中期出现的举债高峰更是其中突出的事例。虽然这两次举借外债都是以修建铁路为中心 ,但究其借款的条件、性质及其成效均有相当大的区别 ,值得认真研究。本文主要依据档案? In the process of China’s modernization, there were several occasions in which the foreign debts were borrowed and the foreign capital was introduced. The peak of debt-relief that emerged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was even more prominent. Although both of these borrowings rely on the construction of railways, the conditions, nature and effectiveness of borrowing are quite different and deserve careful study. This article mainly based on the file?