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籽粒产量和品质通常的硬质小麦改良的主要目标,增加籽粒蛋白质含量正受到更多的重视。就发酵面包而言,硬质冬小麦应该含11.7～12.3％的蛋白质,但是目前许多硬质红皮冬小麦品种达不到这个水平。利用现有遗传资源改进小麦籽粒蛋白质含量做过很多努力,然而诱发突变也能改良谷类品种的特性。利用甲基磺酸乙酯和γ射线处理水稻品种的种子,可产生一系列的蛋白质变异类型。γ射线辐照小麦“Sonora 64”,诱发的突变体籽粒蛋白质含量提高1～2％,其中一个突变体已成为印度的商品品种“Sharbati Sonora”。另外γ射线辐照“Lerma Rojo”、“Pusa Lerma”所诱发的突变体籽粒蛋白质含量在正常氮肥条件下是平均水平,而在高氮肥条件下则显著增加。我们拟订了长期计划,选了3个小麦栽培品种和一个适于美国小麦生产区的高代系为材料,培育高蛋白突变系来补充种质。本文报道高代突变系蛋白质含量和农艺性状的最后估价。优良的突变体可以直接作为新品种或作为高蛋白品种的亲本来利用。
Grain Yield and Quality The main goal of the usual hard wheat improvement is to increase the grain protein content is receiving more attention. For fermented bread, hard winter wheat should contain 11.7-12.3% of protein, but many hard-red winter wheat varieties do not reach this level. Much effort has been made to improve the protein content of wheat grains using available genetic resources, however, induced mutation can also improve the characteristics of cereal varieties. The use of methyl methanesulfonate and γ-rays to treat seeds of rice varieties can produce a range of protein variants. Gamma rays irradiate the wheat “Sonora 64”, which induces an increase of 1-2% in the grain protein content of the mutant, and one of the mutants has become the Indian variety “Sharbati Sonora”. In addition, the grain protein content of mutants induced by γ-ray irradiation “Lerma Rojo” and “Pusa Lerma” were average under the condition of normal nitrogen fertilizer and significantly increased under the condition of high nitrogen fertilizer. We developed a long-term plan that selected three cultivars of wheat and a high strain of plants suitable for the wheat producing areas of the United States as materials to breed high-protein mutant lines to supplement the germplasm. This article reports the final estimate of the protein content and agronomic traits of the elite mutant lines. Good mutants can be used directly as new breeds or as parents of high-protein breeds.