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从目的来看,逻辑是艺术同时是科学。它是关于正确合理的言论的艺术。它是关于次意念[second intentions]的科学。它是一门实在的科学,然而它不是一门关于实在的科学,因为它不以实在为研究对象。逻辑不是为了研究次意念本身而是为了其他科学的言论的正确性而研究次意念的。逻辑不是目的而是手段。但它是知识的手段。因为它是为了知识而求知识的,所以它是实践的,又是思辨的。逻辑所研究的次意念各属于理智的三种不同层次的推演:了解〔概念〕、分与合〔判断〕、推理〔推论〕。在每一层次上都有具有形式内容的次意念和具有实质内容的次意念。因此,逻辑可分为第一种运演的逻辑、第二种运演的逻辑、第三种运演的逻辑;又可分为形式逻辑和实质逻辑。实质逻辑按所得结论的确然性和盖然性,分为论证逻辑和辩证逻辑。逻辑是理性在各门科学中所使用的工具。它是一种公共的方法论。不能把逻辑和任何一种特殊的科学方法论混为一谈。逻辑有它自己的一套理论,因此它是理论的。但是理论逻辑终归是有用的,在它被应用时,就有理论逻辑和应用逻辑之分。逻辑可以用来作为论证言论和辩证言论的方法论的工具,也可以为某些特殊科学提供前提。
From the point of view, logic is both art and science. It is about the art of right and reasonable speech. It is science about second intentions. It is a real science, yet it is not a science about reality because it does not take reality as its object of study. The logic is not to study sub-ideas but to study the correctness of other scientific remarks. Logic is not an end but a means. But it is a means of knowledge. Because it is for knowledge and knowledge, so it is practical, but also speculative. The sub-ideas studied by logic belong to rational deductions of three different levels: understanding [concept], division and combination [judgment], reasoning [inference]. At each level there are sub-ideas with formal content and sub-ideas with substance. Therefore, logic can be divided into the first kind of acting logic, the second acting logic, the third acting logic; can be divided into formal logic and substantive logic. The substantive logic is divided into argumentation logic and dialectical logic according to the certainty and probability of the conclusion of the conclusion. Logic is the tool of reason used in every science. It is a public method. Logic can not be confused with any particular scientific methodology. Logic has its own set of theories, so it is theoretical. However, the theoretical logic is always useful, when it is applied, there is a distinction between theoretical logic and applied logic. Logic can be used as a tool to justify the methodology of speech and dialectical theory, as well as to provide preconditions for certain special sciences.