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针对重载机车在牵引试验中出现的脱轨现象,研究了重载机车在承受纵向压钩力作用时车钩的稳钩能力。以重载机车常用的LAF车钩和13号车钩为例,在结构分析的基础上,比较分析了大转角车钩和小转角车钩不同的稳钩方式和稳钩原理。建立了充分考虑车钩缓冲器、钩肩/止挡特性的车钩模型,并将其应用到某四节连挂机车牵引的万吨级列车模型中。通过动力学仿真研究了分别采用两种车钩模型的机车在纵向压钩力作用下的动力学行为,发现无钩肩装置的13号车钩在纵向压钩力作用下会引起车钩与钩尾框的刚性冲击,同时指出车钩水平自由转角的不同是引起不同车钩模型可以承受的最大纵向压钩力不同的根本原因。纵向压钩力作用下车钩的倾倒同时会引起车轮偏磨现象的发生,稳钩能力差的车钩导致的车轮偏磨更严重。
Aiming at the derailment phenomenon of heavy-duty locomotives in traction test, the stability of the coupler when the heavy-load locomotives are subjected to the vertical pressure-hooking force is studied. Taking LAF coupler and coupler coupler 13 as the examples, this paper analyzes the different ways of stabilizing the coupler and the stabilizer with large angle coupler and small angle coupler based on the structural analysis. A coupler model that fully considered the characteristics of the coupler, hook shoulder / stopper was established and applied to the model of one-thousand-ton train driven by a four-section locomotive. The dynamic behavior of the locomotives with two coupler models under the action of longitudinal pressure hooking force was studied by dynamic simulation. It was found that the coupler 13 without hooking device could cause the coupler At the same time, it is pointed out that the difference of the free horizontal corner of the coupler is the root cause of the different maximum vertical hooking force that different coupler models can bear. Longitudinal pressure hook under the action of dumping at the same time will cause the phenomenon of wheel eccentric wear, poor stability hook poor wheel wear caused by more serious.