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短文改错题和语法填空题都是以考生常犯的语法错误为基础设置的，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力和纠错能力。这两大题型中往往会有1题涉及定语从句的关系词，而考生对这一考点容易出现混淆的现象。下面就考生在定语从句关系词的考查中易犯的错误进行分析：
1.[改错]The playground is to the left of it， which we always have a lot of fun.
分析：一般说来，考生会以为引导一个非限制性定语从句就用which，易忽略分析which在非限制性定语从句中充当什么成分。本句的定语从句中，we是主语，a lot of fun是宾语，不缺主语也不缺宾语，不用which。该定语从句的先行词是playground，在定语从句中充当地点状语，应由where引导，故改which为where。
2.[改错]The day before yesterday， I went to the bookstore where is near our school to buy a reference book.
分析：错误的原因依然是没有分析关系词在定语从句中作何种成分，以为先行词是表示地点的名词bookstore，就用where引导定语从句。但由is near our school可知，引导定语从句的关系词在定语从句中是作主语的，要用关系代词，故改where为which或that。
3. [填空]Bars and Cafes are filled with party-goers________ come to show off their strange costumes.
分析：该题有部分考生填to（认为是to come），也有部分学生填and（认为前后是并列关系，are filled和come构成并列谓语），还有部分学生填which，关键是考生不理解party-goers的意思，指的是来参加派对的人（people who are attending a party）。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为指人的party-goers，因此用who/that来引导定语从句。类似的表示人的复合词还有：film-goers（去看电影的人），film-makers（电影制片人），fire-fighters（消防员）， hitch-hikers（搭便车的人）， sky-jackers（劫机者），gate-keepers（门卫）等。
4. [填空]And he added that the fine new house being built on the mountainside_________ everyone was wondering about was his.
分析：考生看到空格前是mountainside，往往就觉得是表地点，毫不犹豫地填where。但正确答案是that/which，因为先行词是the fine new house，在定语从句中充当about的宾语。
5.[填空]She also claimed that she was hated by other women in the workplace________ were jealous of her beauty.
分析：考生看到空格前是workplace，易误填where表地点，但正确答案是who/that，因先行词是other women，要填的关系词在定语从句中充当主语。
考点点拨：在定语从句中关系词的选择有两条依据：一是找准先行词，看先行词是指人还是指事物，是时间还是地点等；二是弄清替代先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当何种成分。who指人，作主语；whom指人，作宾语；which指事物，可作主语或宾语；that指人或物，可作主语或宾语；作定语用whose；作地点状语用where；作时间状语用when。另外，先行词是reason（s）且在从句中作状语时用why。
高考链接：（保留原题号）
1. （改错：2015全国新课标II ）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. （that改成which，引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语）
2.（填空：2014全国新课标I） Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.（答案that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语）
3. （填空：2015全国新课标I） I’d skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead， I’d head straight for Yangshuo. （答案 that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语）
责任编辑 蒋小青
q
1.[改错]The playground is to the left of it， which we always have a lot of fun.
分析：一般说来，考生会以为引导一个非限制性定语从句就用which，易忽略分析which在非限制性定语从句中充当什么成分。本句的定语从句中，we是主语，a lot of fun是宾语，不缺主语也不缺宾语，不用which。该定语从句的先行词是playground，在定语从句中充当地点状语，应由where引导，故改which为where。
2.[改错]The day before yesterday， I went to the bookstore where is near our school to buy a reference book.
分析：错误的原因依然是没有分析关系词在定语从句中作何种成分，以为先行词是表示地点的名词bookstore，就用where引导定语从句。但由is near our school可知，引导定语从句的关系词在定语从句中是作主语的，要用关系代词，故改where为which或that。
3. [填空]Bars and Cafes are filled with party-goers________ come to show off their strange costumes.
分析：该题有部分考生填to（认为是to come），也有部分学生填and（认为前后是并列关系，are filled和come构成并列谓语），还有部分学生填which，关键是考生不理解party-goers的意思，指的是来参加派对的人（people who are attending a party）。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为指人的party-goers，因此用who/that来引导定语从句。类似的表示人的复合词还有：film-goers（去看电影的人），film-makers（电影制片人），fire-fighters（消防员）， hitch-hikers（搭便车的人）， sky-jackers（劫机者），gate-keepers（门卫）等。
4. [填空]And he added that the fine new house being built on the mountainside_________ everyone was wondering about was his.
分析：考生看到空格前是mountainside，往往就觉得是表地点，毫不犹豫地填where。但正确答案是that/which，因为先行词是the fine new house，在定语从句中充当about的宾语。
5.[填空]She also claimed that she was hated by other women in the workplace________ were jealous of her beauty.
分析：考生看到空格前是workplace，易误填where表地点，但正确答案是who/that，因先行词是other women，要填的关系词在定语从句中充当主语。
考点点拨：在定语从句中关系词的选择有两条依据：一是找准先行词，看先行词是指人还是指事物，是时间还是地点等；二是弄清替代先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当何种成分。who指人，作主语；whom指人，作宾语；which指事物，可作主语或宾语；that指人或物，可作主语或宾语；作定语用whose；作地点状语用where；作时间状语用when。另外，先行词是reason（s）且在从句中作状语时用why。
高考链接：（保留原题号）
1. （改错：2015全国新课标II ）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. （that改成which，引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语）
2.（填空：2014全国新课标I） Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.（答案that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语）
3. （填空：2015全国新课标I） I’d skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead， I’d head straight for Yangshuo. （答案 that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语）
责任编辑 蒋小青
q