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利用藏北高原位于季节冻土区的那曲BJ站和多年冻土区的唐古拉站2008年气象要素观测资料,对两站点的小气候特征进行了分析和对比,得到以下结论:那曲BJ站最大冻结深度可达1.5 m左右;唐古拉站活动层最大融化深度超过了3.0 m.两站的气温、比湿、降雨和积雪均有明显的季节变化;降雨和比湿均是5-10月较大,其他时段较小;积雪均基本集中在1-3月和10-12月.各层土壤温度及日变幅、温度的月均值和月最高/低值及月较差、比湿的月均值和瞬时最大值、风速瞬时最大值均是那曲BJ站大于唐古拉站.那曲BJ站与唐古拉站的风速、气温、比湿的年平均值分别是4.73 m·s~(-1)、-1.34℃、3.96 g·kg~(-1)和4.02 m·s~(-1)、-5.80℃、3.25 g·kg~(-1),年降雨量和积雪日数分别为590.50 mm、114 d和405.27 mm、135 d,两站5-10月的降雨量分别占全年降雨量的96.20%和86.55%.两站在2月初和11月初由于较大降雪均出现了气温陡降的现象,最大积雪日均出现在11月,日最大积雪深度BJ站小于唐古拉站.典型晴天日,那曲BJ站在冬季而唐古拉站在冬春季节风速日变化明显;比湿日变化夏秋季节较冬春季节明显.
Based on the meteorological observation data of Nagqu BJ station located in the frozen soil zone in northern Tibetan Plateau and Tanggula Station in permafrost region for 2008, the microclimate characteristics of the two stations were analyzed and compared. The following conclusions were obtained: The maximum freezing depth Up to 1.5 m. The maximum melting depth of the active layer in Tanggula Station exceeded 3.0 m. There was a clear seasonal change in temperature, specific humidity, precipitation and snow cover at both stations. Rainfall and specific humidity were both larger in May-October, While the other periods were smaller.The snow cover basically concentrated in January-March and October-December.The average monthly temperature and daily variation of soil temperature, the monthly mean high and low values and the monthly mean and specific humidity And the instantaneously maximum value, the instantaneously maximum value of the wind speed is more than that of Ngqu BJ station in Tanggula station.An average annual wind speed, temperature and specific humidity of Nagqu BJ Station and Tanggula Station are 4.73 m · s -1, -1.34 ℃ , 3.96 g · kg -1 and 4.02 m · s -1, 5.80 ℃ and 3.25 g · kg -1, respectively. The annual precipitation and snow cover days were 590.50 mm and 114 days respectively 405.27 mm and 135 d, respectively, and the rainfall in May-October of the two stations accounted for 96.20% and 86.55% of the annual rainfall respectively. Both stations were in early February and early November because of heavy snowfall The phenomenon of sudden drop in air temperature was observed with the maximum snow cover occurring daily in November and the maximum snow depth at BJ station less than Tanggula station.Naturally sunny days, Than the wet diurnal changes in summer and winter than in winter and spring obvious.