张謇是清末民初颇具影响的一位历史人物。他与康有为、梁启超、孙中山、黄兴等人是同时代的人。在帝国主义列强瓜分中国,民族危亡,人民涂炭之际。他和其他有识之士一样,为寻找中华民族自救自强之法,上下求索。但是由于家庭、教育和个人的经历不同,他没有象康梁那样走维新变法之路,也没有接受孙黄“驱逐鞑虏,恢复中华”的革命主张,而是从经济领域入手,竭力倡导“实业救国”,主张并实行“棉铁主义”,想以此找到一条救国图强的道路。在政治上幻想通过渐近的、更加温和的方法,实现自上而下的改革。张謇的思想和主张,代表了中国近代民族资产阶级上层人士,反对帝国主义入侵,抨击腐败的官僚集团,发展民族资本主义的强烈愿望和要求。同时,也反映出他们在经济、政治方面与封建统治阶级保持着密切联系,害怕民众革命运动的保守性和软弱性的一面。这就注定了他们的改革主张不可能实现。 Zhang Huan is an influential historical figure in late Qing and early Republican China. He and Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others are contemporaries. At the time when the imperialist powers divided up China, the nation was in danger, and the people became charcoal. Like other people of insight, he sought the Chinese nation’s self-help and self-improvement. However, due to his different experiences in family, education and personal life, he did not follow the path of reform and reform as Kang Liang did, nor did he accept Sun Huang’s revolutionary idea of ​​“expelling Tartar and restoring China.” Instead, he started from the economic field and advocated “ Industrial Salvation ”, advocated and implemented“ iron ironism ”, in order to find a way to save the country. In politics, fantasies achieve top-down reforms through an asymptotic and gentler approach. Zhang Huan’s thinking and propositions represent the upper class members of modern Chinese national bourgeoisie, the bureaucratic group that opposed the imperialist invasion and attacked corruption, and the strong desire and demand for developing national capitalism. At the same time, it also shows that they have maintained close ties with the feudal ruling class in economic and political terms and are afraid of the conservative and weak side of the popular revolutionary movement. This is doomed to reform their ideas can not be achieved.