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在日语中,把表达授与和接受意义的动词视为授受动词,其表达方式称为授受关系。从文化的角度而言,对于日本人来说,别人为自己做事,自己便得到了他人的恩惠,反之,自己为别人做事便给了别人恩惠,但年长的给年轻的做事和年轻的给年长的做事,从等级观念、社会秩序或规矩来看并不一样,前者是施舍,后者则是奉献。日本人说话时讲究这种规矩和礼节,要用一定的表达形式把上对下或下对上的社会人际关系即授受关系反映出来。这种表达方式在日语中被非常广泛的使用,而对于中国人来说是非常难掌握的一个语法点。因为日语中的这种表达角度汉语里面没有。大量现象表明:很多学习者对这部分的灵活应用都存在问题,甚至不会使用。而能否很自然的使用授受关系来表达自己,直接影响其交流效果。本稿将从课堂教学中如何导入授受关系,授受关系的体系,以及常出现的错误三个方面进行分析。
In Japanese, the verbs that convey the meaning of giving and receiving are regarded as verbs that give and take, and the way of expression is called grant and receipt. From a cultural point of view, for the Japanese, others do things for themselves and they get the favor of others. Conversely, when they do something for others, they give others favors, but older people give young things and give young ones Elderly work, from the concept of hierarchy, social order or rules and not the same, the former is alms, while the latter is dedication. When Japanese people pay attention to this kind of rules and etiquette, they should reflect the social interpersonal relationship, that is, the relationship between the two parties in a certain form of expression. This kind of expression is widely used in Japanese, but it is very difficult for Chinese people to grasp a grammatical point. Because there is no such thing as Chinese in Japanese. A large number of phenomena show that: Many learners have some problems with the flexible application of this part, and will not even use it. However, it is natural to use the relationship between grant and grant to express themselves directly affect the exchange effect. This article will be from the classroom teaching how to import and accept relations, the relationship between the grant and receipt of the system, as well as the mistakes often appear in three areas for analysis.