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探究自然和精神的关系问题,构成施泰因同感现象学研究的思想背景和基本出发点。跟随狄尔泰,施泰因明确区分自然科学与精神科学,并且竭力为精神科学找寻基础。而在追问精神科学的基础究竟何在这一问题上,施泰因受到现象学家胡塞尔和舍勒的决定性影响而偏离了狄尔泰。在施泰因那里,同感,不仅具有自然的面向,而且还具有精神的面向;同感现象学,在宽泛的意义上,不仅可以服务于自然科学,而且最终也为精神科学提供基础。这一点恰恰构成了施泰因同感现象学研究的基本旨趣。
Explore the relationship between nature and spirit, constitute the ideological background and the basic starting point of Stein’s phenomenological researches. Following Dilthey, Stein explicitly distinguishes between natural sciences and psychiatric sciences and endeavors to find a foundation for psychoscience. In questioning exactly where the foundations of psychoanalysis were, Stein deviated from Dilthey by the decisive influence of the phenomenologists Husserl and Scheler. In Stein, empathy is not only natural but also spiritual; sympathy phenomenology, in a broad sense, not only serves the natural sciences, but ultimately also provides a foundation for the science of the mind. This precisely constitutes the basic interest of Stein’s phenomenological researches.