根据人类住区建筑形制、生活习俗的显著差异,本文将人类住区分为两大形态:城市与乡村。本文基于城市与乡村两大聚落的不同背景,分别阐述其住宅建筑特征及发展演变历程。以时间为主线,探讨了乡村聚落自原始巢居与穴居起,随着历史的推移,形成了日渐成熟并富有传统特色的建造技艺,及其具体的产物形式——传统的民居建筑。在此漫长的发展过程中,由于地域背景的明显差异,各地区之间存在横向的差异化发展,进一步促进了我国特色民居体系的形成与丰富。近现代,乡村聚落住宅建筑趋于稳定,并无较大变动,这段时间内,城市住区的发展更加鲜明,富有时代特色,并日渐繁盛。在住宅建筑形制日益丰富、建造技艺趋于现代化、设计理念不断更新、人们对城市居住要求多样化的今天,城市住宅建筑在以前所未有的态势高速发展。 According to the significant difference of human settlements architecture and living custom, this article divides human settlements into two major forms: city and country. Based on the different backgrounds of the two settlements of urban and rural areas, this paper expounds the characteristics of residential buildings and the development and evolution of residential buildings respectively. With time as the main line, this paper discusses the settlement of rural settlements from the original nest and cave home. With the passage of history, a mature and rich traditional construction technique and its specific product form - traditional residential buildings are formed. In this long process of development, due to the obvious differences in geographical backgrounds, there are horizontal and differentiated developments among different regions, further promoting the formation and enrichment of our characteristic residential system. In the modern times, the rural settlement residential buildings tended to be stable with no major changes. During this period, the development of urban settlements was clearer, characterized by the times and more prosperous. In the increasingly rich shape of residential architecture, construction techniques tend to modernization, design concepts are constantly updated, people living in urban areas diversified demands, urban residential construction in an unprecedented trend of rapid development.