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摘要:本文结合《牛津初中英语》的部分课文,对如何理解课文中词汇的深层涵义进行了分析,探究了课文中某些词汇的细腻之处以及怎样品味词汇的情感和美感韵味,旨在更好地促进学生对课文中词汇的深层理解。
关键词:词汇内涵情感美感
在现行的《牛津初中英语》课文中蕴含着许多用词俱佳的语境表达,然而许多学生在学习时常常忽略这些表达,只把焦点放在理解课文表层意义上,很少从课文中用词的特色去加以探究。如果在学习中有意识地对一些表达俱佳的地方加以关注,并从词汇运用的独特之处去认真地思考其不凡之处,对更深层次地理解课文以及提高书面表达能力都会有极大的帮助。
一、品味用词,体验细腻
在阅读文章时应认真注意作者是如何巧用词汇来表达思想内容的,对于一些好的表达应在自己的学习中不断地加以积累,久而久之便能深刻地领悟出其独特的魅力。阅读下面课文中一些经典词汇的用法,品尝其细腻之处也许会有一番豁然开朗之感。例如:
1. During lunchtime,I meet my friends and always have a great time talking to each other.(8A Unit 2)
该句中的great一词用得极为巧妙,其实在此句中也可以用good来代替,但相比之下,great一词更胜一筹,因为该词有“unusually good,very enjoyable”的意思(朗文英汉双解词典)其语义比good更强,更富有表现力,给人以准确又传神之感。
2. The main character of this wonderful new game is Itchy Feet.(8B Unit 3)
该句中的Itchy feet原为“痒痒脚”,这是词汇的表层意义,该短语与动词have或get搭配,意为“渴望旅行”的意思。这样的表达延伸了词汇的内涵,赋予该短语更深远的意义,其表达既符合课文中的实际语境又使其富有新的寓意。
3. Ten days later,at the age of 63,Hepburn passed away peacefully in her sleep.(9A Unit 5)
该句中的passed away为委婉语的表现形式,表示“去世”的意思。在英语中为了避免尴尬、惹人不快的情形,常常用委婉语的形式代替,从而给人以典雅、含蓄之感。(英语委婉语词典)如若换成died,尽管意义上也正确,却达不到运用委婉语的那种效果。另外词汇passed与peacefully在外形上又巧妙地形成了头韵的表达,起到了双管齐下的效果。
二、文中求索,体验情感
在学习课文时应注意某些情感词的运用,才能深刻地领悟作者内心的感受。也许作者正是通过这些情感词的运用抒发了个人的情感。现从不同的课文中找出一些段落加以分析和探究,以明确作者在文中是何以运用这些词汇来描述不同场景的。
1. I am very unhappy these days because I have some problems with my new school... I am very nervous and I cannot answer their questions. I feel really uncomfortable when they talk to me. During lunch time,I always sit alone in the playground and read books. I hope they will not come over because I feel so shy whey they try to talk to me.(8A Unit 1 Study Skills)
在该段落中作者在用一系列的情感词表达了自己在异乡异校的忧郁之情,unhappy,nervous,uncomfortable,alone,shy等把作者的内心情感表露无疑。unhappy所揭示的是身在异乡的孤独之情;nervous所描述的是陌生环境中与人相处的尴尬之景;uncomfortable所表露的是身不由己的心理感受;而alone和shy把作者孤独无助的神情又刻画得栩栩如生,正是这些情感词汇的运用把作者身在异乡的种种情感表现得如此地透彻,给人以读其文如见其人的感觉。
2. People in the shop centre looked each other in fear. Some people screamed because they were very frightened...People were running wildly while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down... The noise stopped and I was afraid.(8A Unit 6)
该段落描述了一次地震时人们的惊恐之情。第一句中的in fear以静态的形式表现了动态的情形,其场景和作者的情思给人留下了深刻的印象,人们惊恐得面面相觑,仿佛无法预测其后会发生何事,该短语表达了当时人们内心的无所适从。而后一句中的动词screamed更把人的恐惧之情和盘托出,人们惊恐得声嘶力竭。在其后面又用frightened把人的恐惧之情渲染到了极点。一个wildly的用法则把处于恐惧之中的人们慌不择路的景象刻画得活灵活现。在最后又用afraid把其恐惧之情再次加以点缀,使其恐惧之情表现得淋漓尽致。正是这些词汇的巧妙组合生动地渲染了其场面,使人读后有身临其境的感觉。
3. I’ve been in Hong Kong for two days. My parents and I are having a really fantastic time here. Everybody was excited when aparade of Disney character began later in the afternoon. The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favorite characters.(8B Unit 2) 人情感的喜怒哀乐常常会通过具体的词汇体现。当迪斯尼人物傍晚开始游行时所有人都激动万分。一个excited使人感受到欢乐时刻的氛围,而动词clap和scream更是渲染了当时欢乐的场景。最后的with joy又把其情趣推到了顶峰。全段正是通过这些词汇的运用让读者沉浸在这欢乐的场景之中。
三、字里行间,寻求美感
课文中许多表达看是如此平凡,却蕴含着深深的美感。在学习中学生要能透过文章的内容去捕捉散落在课文中的各种美的存在。阅读下面的内容读者也许会发现美的真谛。
1. Guilin is a very beautiful city in the south of China. It lies on the two sides of Li River. All around the city,mountains stand in different shapes—you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape. In the north-west of the city is the Reed Flute Cave. In this underground cave,there are a lot of wonderful rocks in strange shapes. You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.(9B Unit 3)
该段落介绍了山水甲天下桂林的风景,从段落的字里行间不难看出那宛如仙境般的优美风景,beautiful city,different shapes,wonderful rocks,strange shapes这些词汇的运用让人感受到了桂林山的美,水的美。让人醉在这南国的秀丽景色之中。蜿蜒的漓江像一条彩色的玉带环绕着桂林城,群山姿态多样,犹如一幅泼墨画屹立于眼前,西北之遥的芦笛洞更是引人入胜,洞中奇石怪立,形态多姿,让人感悟淡妆浓抹总相宜的幽逸清新,普通的词汇构成了绝妙的风景,使人陶醉在这虚无缥缈的湖光山色之中。
2. Hepburn’s achievements went beyond the film industry. People remember her not just as a great actress,but as a great humanitarian because she devoted much of her time to charity. She spent the last few years of her life working closely with UNICEF to help poor children in different parts of the world.(9A Unit 5)
该段落描述的是著名的电影演员Hepburn的生平,从上面段落的叙述中可以窥出其美好心灵。她热心于慈善事业,在生命的最后时刻她奉献出自己的光和热,热心于帮助贫困的儿童,其崇高的形象为人们永远怀念。从对她进行的一些叙述可以看出,如great humanitarian,devoted much of her time to charity,help poor children in different parts of the world.正是通过这样的阐述使我们的眼前呈现出崇高的形象,这些让人肃然起敬的行为会将给人心灵深处留下不可磨灭的印象,阅读之后,心灵为之震撼,思绪为之萦绕,情思为之魂牵。
通过上述剖析可以看出,英语学习不应仅仅停留在词语表层结构上,还应通过课文的阅读去深刻地感悟其独特的韵味。许多词汇的绝妙之处恰恰在于对其内涵意义的揭示。如果在学习中能透过词汇的妙用去体验其蕴藏在课文中的深层意义,对提高学生与语言的感知会有较大的提高,同时对培养学生的欣赏能力和审美能力,探寻语言的内在魅力都会有较大的促进。
参考文献
1.王文斌.英语词汇语义学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001.
2.赵丽;王松美;论新课程理念下的中学英语词汇教学[J];中小学外语教学(中学篇);2006,10.
关键词:词汇内涵情感美感
在现行的《牛津初中英语》课文中蕴含着许多用词俱佳的语境表达,然而许多学生在学习时常常忽略这些表达,只把焦点放在理解课文表层意义上,很少从课文中用词的特色去加以探究。如果在学习中有意识地对一些表达俱佳的地方加以关注,并从词汇运用的独特之处去认真地思考其不凡之处,对更深层次地理解课文以及提高书面表达能力都会有极大的帮助。
一、品味用词,体验细腻
在阅读文章时应认真注意作者是如何巧用词汇来表达思想内容的,对于一些好的表达应在自己的学习中不断地加以积累,久而久之便能深刻地领悟出其独特的魅力。阅读下面课文中一些经典词汇的用法,品尝其细腻之处也许会有一番豁然开朗之感。例如:
1. During lunchtime,I meet my friends and always have a great time talking to each other.(8A Unit 2)
该句中的great一词用得极为巧妙,其实在此句中也可以用good来代替,但相比之下,great一词更胜一筹,因为该词有“unusually good,very enjoyable”的意思(朗文英汉双解词典)其语义比good更强,更富有表现力,给人以准确又传神之感。
2. The main character of this wonderful new game is Itchy Feet.(8B Unit 3)
该句中的Itchy feet原为“痒痒脚”,这是词汇的表层意义,该短语与动词have或get搭配,意为“渴望旅行”的意思。这样的表达延伸了词汇的内涵,赋予该短语更深远的意义,其表达既符合课文中的实际语境又使其富有新的寓意。
3. Ten days later,at the age of 63,Hepburn passed away peacefully in her sleep.(9A Unit 5)
该句中的passed away为委婉语的表现形式,表示“去世”的意思。在英语中为了避免尴尬、惹人不快的情形,常常用委婉语的形式代替,从而给人以典雅、含蓄之感。(英语委婉语词典)如若换成died,尽管意义上也正确,却达不到运用委婉语的那种效果。另外词汇passed与peacefully在外形上又巧妙地形成了头韵的表达,起到了双管齐下的效果。
二、文中求索,体验情感
在学习课文时应注意某些情感词的运用,才能深刻地领悟作者内心的感受。也许作者正是通过这些情感词的运用抒发了个人的情感。现从不同的课文中找出一些段落加以分析和探究,以明确作者在文中是何以运用这些词汇来描述不同场景的。
1. I am very unhappy these days because I have some problems with my new school... I am very nervous and I cannot answer their questions. I feel really uncomfortable when they talk to me. During lunch time,I always sit alone in the playground and read books. I hope they will not come over because I feel so shy whey they try to talk to me.(8A Unit 1 Study Skills)
在该段落中作者在用一系列的情感词表达了自己在异乡异校的忧郁之情,unhappy,nervous,uncomfortable,alone,shy等把作者的内心情感表露无疑。unhappy所揭示的是身在异乡的孤独之情;nervous所描述的是陌生环境中与人相处的尴尬之景;uncomfortable所表露的是身不由己的心理感受;而alone和shy把作者孤独无助的神情又刻画得栩栩如生,正是这些情感词汇的运用把作者身在异乡的种种情感表现得如此地透彻,给人以读其文如见其人的感觉。
2. People in the shop centre looked each other in fear. Some people screamed because they were very frightened...People were running wildly while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down... The noise stopped and I was afraid.(8A Unit 6)
该段落描述了一次地震时人们的惊恐之情。第一句中的in fear以静态的形式表现了动态的情形,其场景和作者的情思给人留下了深刻的印象,人们惊恐得面面相觑,仿佛无法预测其后会发生何事,该短语表达了当时人们内心的无所适从。而后一句中的动词screamed更把人的恐惧之情和盘托出,人们惊恐得声嘶力竭。在其后面又用frightened把人的恐惧之情渲染到了极点。一个wildly的用法则把处于恐惧之中的人们慌不择路的景象刻画得活灵活现。在最后又用afraid把其恐惧之情再次加以点缀,使其恐惧之情表现得淋漓尽致。正是这些词汇的巧妙组合生动地渲染了其场面,使人读后有身临其境的感觉。
3. I’ve been in Hong Kong for two days. My parents and I are having a really fantastic time here. Everybody was excited when aparade of Disney character began later in the afternoon. The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favorite characters.(8B Unit 2) 人情感的喜怒哀乐常常会通过具体的词汇体现。当迪斯尼人物傍晚开始游行时所有人都激动万分。一个excited使人感受到欢乐时刻的氛围,而动词clap和scream更是渲染了当时欢乐的场景。最后的with joy又把其情趣推到了顶峰。全段正是通过这些词汇的运用让读者沉浸在这欢乐的场景之中。
三、字里行间,寻求美感
课文中许多表达看是如此平凡,却蕴含着深深的美感。在学习中学生要能透过文章的内容去捕捉散落在课文中的各种美的存在。阅读下面的内容读者也许会发现美的真谛。
1. Guilin is a very beautiful city in the south of China. It lies on the two sides of Li River. All around the city,mountains stand in different shapes—you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape. In the north-west of the city is the Reed Flute Cave. In this underground cave,there are a lot of wonderful rocks in strange shapes. You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.(9B Unit 3)
该段落介绍了山水甲天下桂林的风景,从段落的字里行间不难看出那宛如仙境般的优美风景,beautiful city,different shapes,wonderful rocks,strange shapes这些词汇的运用让人感受到了桂林山的美,水的美。让人醉在这南国的秀丽景色之中。蜿蜒的漓江像一条彩色的玉带环绕着桂林城,群山姿态多样,犹如一幅泼墨画屹立于眼前,西北之遥的芦笛洞更是引人入胜,洞中奇石怪立,形态多姿,让人感悟淡妆浓抹总相宜的幽逸清新,普通的词汇构成了绝妙的风景,使人陶醉在这虚无缥缈的湖光山色之中。
2. Hepburn’s achievements went beyond the film industry. People remember her not just as a great actress,but as a great humanitarian because she devoted much of her time to charity. She spent the last few years of her life working closely with UNICEF to help poor children in different parts of the world.(9A Unit 5)
该段落描述的是著名的电影演员Hepburn的生平,从上面段落的叙述中可以窥出其美好心灵。她热心于慈善事业,在生命的最后时刻她奉献出自己的光和热,热心于帮助贫困的儿童,其崇高的形象为人们永远怀念。从对她进行的一些叙述可以看出,如great humanitarian,devoted much of her time to charity,help poor children in different parts of the world.正是通过这样的阐述使我们的眼前呈现出崇高的形象,这些让人肃然起敬的行为会将给人心灵深处留下不可磨灭的印象,阅读之后,心灵为之震撼,思绪为之萦绕,情思为之魂牵。
通过上述剖析可以看出,英语学习不应仅仅停留在词语表层结构上,还应通过课文的阅读去深刻地感悟其独特的韵味。许多词汇的绝妙之处恰恰在于对其内涵意义的揭示。如果在学习中能透过词汇的妙用去体验其蕴藏在课文中的深层意义,对提高学生与语言的感知会有较大的提高,同时对培养学生的欣赏能力和审美能力,探寻语言的内在魅力都会有较大的促进。
参考文献
1.王文斌.英语词汇语义学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001.
2.赵丽;王松美;论新课程理念下的中学英语词汇教学[J];中小学外语教学(中学篇);2006,10.