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原发性高血压(下称EH)的发生与遗传和环境因素密切相关。迄今的流行病学研究与家系、孪生子等遗传学研究结果提供了这种证据。与血压有关的诸多因素关系到遗传形式,故应系一多基因遗传,但其详情尚不尽知。日本正在进行高血压自然发病鼠(SHR),和易发脑卒中的SHR(SHRSP)等高血压、高血压性疾病动物模型的研究。通过选择交配,证实遗传对高血压的发病有极为重要的影响。目前关于遗传机制和主要遗传基因数等,由于极难分析的人类高血压遗传研究模型实验的迅速进展,对EH的遗传分析也提供了许多线索。此外,因这些模型是以遗传做为基础,疾病又系自然发病,故不仅对EH发病机制的遗传学研究,而且对遗传与环境因素的相互关系,以及遗传素质的早期发现,甚至对高血压发病的预防,也提供了条件。本文就此作一介绍。
The occurrence of essential hypertension (hereinafter referred to as EH) is closely related to genetic and environmental factors. To date, epidemiological studies and genetics studies such as pedigrees and twins have provided such evidence. Many factors related to blood pressure are related to the genetic form, it should be a multi-gene inheritance, but the details are not yet known. Japan is studying animal models of hypertension and hypertensive disorders such as spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP). Through the choice of mating, genetic confirmation of the incidence of hypertension has a very important impact. At present, there are many clues to the genetic analysis of EH due to the rapid progress of experiments on the genetic model and major genetic factors of human hypertension, which are extremely difficult to analyze. In addition, because these models are genetically based and diseases are naturally occurring, it is not only genetic studies of the pathogenesis of EH but also the interrelationship between genetic and environmental factors, as well as early detection of genetic predisposition, and even hypertension Disease prevention, but also provides the conditions. This article makes an introduction.