斯坎伦是当代最重要的契约论伦理学家之一。斯坎伦的契约伦理的重心在于道德的基本特性问题。斯坎伦认为道德理论所要回答的主要问题是道德行为的对错问题,一个行为是错的,就是不能合乎情理地为之辩护,这样的判断同样也是人们不能如此行动的动机性判断。然而,人们的判断一般是依据原则的,但原则并不能够完全决定实践中的判断,这需要类似于亚里士多德那样的实践智慧。 Scanlon is one of the most important contemporary contractarian ethicists. Scanlon’s contractual ethics focuses on the basic characteristics of morality. Scanlan believes that the main problem to be answered by moral theory is the right and wrong of moral behavior. One act is wrong and can not be reasonably justified. Such judgment is also a motivated judgment that people can not act in this way. However, people’s judgments are generally based on principles, but the principle does not completely determine the judgment in practice, which requires practical wisdom similar to that of Aristotle.