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一、引 言 卫星遥感作为对海洋环境进行监视的有力工具已广泛应用于多种海洋环境要素和现象的监测之中。应用卫星遥感海面温度则是这些应用中比较早且比较成熟的一种。20多年来,用于海面温度测量的卫星遥感仪器已经得到了很大的改进和发展,卫星资料海面温度反演方法、和资料处理技术也有了很大的进步。卫星海面温度资料已广泛应用于海洋分析、研究和预报应用的许多领域。近年来,由于全球气候研究工作的广泛展开,对全球海面温度资料的要求变得更加迫切了,海面温度的卫星遥感也日益为人们所重视~([1],[2])。 目前,世界上拥有卫星监视地球及其大气环境的国家或者国际性组织已有美国、苏联、日本、印度和欧空局。这些卫星携带的可用于获取海面温度资料的遥感仪器很多,卫星资料海面温度反演方法各种各样,获得的海面温度的精度差别也很大。本文只选择一些能够代表当前海面温度的卫星遥感水平和未来发展趋势予以介绍。
I. Introduction Satellite remote sensing as a powerful tool for monitoring the marine environment has been widely used in the monitoring of various marine environmental elements and phenomena. The application of satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature is one of the earlier and more mature of these applications. For more than 20 years, satellite remote sensing instruments for sea surface temperature measurement have been greatly improved and developed. Satellite data sea surface temperature inversion methods and data processing techniques have also been greatly improved. Satellite sea surface temperature information has been widely used in many areas of oceanographic analysis, research and forecasting applications. In recent years, due to the extensive development of global climate research, the requirements of the global sea surface temperature data have become more urgent. Satellite remote sensing of sea surface temperature has also been paid more and more attention ([1], [2]). At present, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, India and the European Space Agency have countries or international organizations that have satellites that monitor the Earth and its atmosphere. There are many remote sensing instruments carried by these satellites for acquiring sea surface temperature data. There are various methods for retrieving sea surface temperature from satellite data, and the accuracy of sea surface temperature obtained is also very different. This article selects only some of the satellite remote sensing levels that represent the current sea surface temperature and future trends to be introduced.