我们需要很好地理解我们关于行动(action)的概念。正是这个概念使我们在一种情况下把同一外表行为(behaviour,例如某人表现不安的动作)看作一个行动(act,如一种充满活力的舞蹈),而在另一种情况下却仅仅看作行为而不看作行动(比如那人在突发疾病或遭电击时的反应)。我们需要理解这个概念,以便弄清楚怎样做出这种区分,及随之而来的非常重要的关于责任的评价问题。理解这个概念对于讨论自由意志和决定论之间的争论也是至关重要的。然而,事实上我们对行动概念的理解还远未达 We need to understand very well our concept of action. It is this concept that allows us to treat one and the same behavioral (act, for example, a person’s uneasy movement) as an act (act, as a dynamic dance) in one case, and in the other Be regarded as a behavior rather than as an action (such as that person’s response to a sudden illness or electric shock). We need to understand the concept in order to figure out how to make that distinction, and the very important assessment of responsibility that comes with it. Understanding this concept is also crucial to discussing the debate between free will and determinism. However, in fact, our understanding of the concept of action is far from complete