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一、引言分析人类学研究文化的概念、方法和历史,可以加深我们对认知人类学、心理人类学和跨文化研究的进一步理解。基于多学科多角度的研究方法无疑有助于我们探讨文化与人类行为之间的关系、文化对人类行为的影响、当地人为何会举行看似愚蠢的宗教仪式以及所谓“原始人”和现代人的文化和心理等方面的问题。对于这些问题的思考和分析,会使我们以全新的视角来考察民间信仰及其仪式的文化内涵。本文试图在回顾传统人类学关于文化与人格研究的基础上,反思有关文化与人类行为方面的理论。当代学科的发展表明,任何有关人类社会的研究都需要跨文化的视角和多学科的结合,这是各类学科发展的大趋势。笔者拟从传统人类学、文化心理学、认知人类学和心理人类学等多学科的视觉阐释和分析宗教的仪式行为,从而探讨人类心理、文化以及行为之间的动态关系。
I. INTRODUCTION Analyzing the concepts, methods and histories of anthropological research culture can deepen our understanding of cognitive anthropology, psycho-anthropology and intercultural research. Multidisciplinary and multidisciplinary research methods undoubtedly help us to explore the relationship between culture and human behavior, the impact of culture on human behavior, why locals hold seemingly stupid religious ceremonies, and so-called “primitives” and Modern culture and psychology and other issues. The thinking and analysis of these questions will enable us to examine the cultural connotation of folk beliefs and rituals from a completely new perspective. This article attempts to review the theory of culture and human behavior based on the review of traditional anthropological studies on culture and personality. The development of contemporary disciplines shows that any research on human society requires a cross-cultural perspective and a multi-disciplinary combination. This is a general trend of development in various disciplines. The author intends to interpret and analyze religious ritual behaviors from the perspectives of traditional anthropology, cultural psychology, cognitive anthropology and psycho-anthropology so as to explore the dynamic relationship between human psychology, culture and behavior.