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[目的]通过对某气垫船生产企业所存在的化学性职业病危害调查和风险分析,为气垫船制造相关企业职业病危害防护提供建议。[方法]采用职业卫生现场调查法、检测检验法、风险评估法相结合,对企业存在的职业病危害因素进行定性和定量分析。[结果]该企业生产过程中产生的化学性职业病危害因素有玻璃棉粉尘、金属粉尘、电焊烟尘、苯乙烯、丙酮、臭氧、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、锰及其无机化合物等,经连续3 d现场检测,24个检测点检测合格率100%。10种职业病危害因素中二氧化硫、环氧氯丙烷的毒性分级指数最高,均为59,二氧化氮的毒性分级指数最低,为40。[结论]在检测结果均符合国家标准限值时,还应对职业接触的化学毒物的危害程度进行分级。结合生产工艺,该企业船体制作涂胶岗位的苯乙烯及环氧氯丙烷的职业病危害风险较大,危害等级均为高度危害,因而将船体制作涂胶岗位列为关键控制点,建议对该岗位进行重点的监控和改进。
[Objective] Through the investigation and risk analysis of chemical occupational hazards in a certain hovercraft manufacturing enterprise, it provides suggestions for the protection of occupational hazards in related enterprises of hovercraft manufacturing. [Methods] With the combination of occupational health field investigation, test and test, and risk assessment, qualitative and quantitative analysis of occupational hazards existing in the enterprise was made. [Result] The risk factors of chemical occupational diseases in the production process were glass wool dust, metal dust, welding fume, styrene, acetone, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, manganese and their inorganic compounds. 3 d on-site testing, 24 test points detection pass rate of 100%. Among the ten occupational hazards, sulfur dioxide and epichlorohydrin had the highest toxicity grading index, both of which were 59 and nitrogen dioxide had the lowest toxicity grading index of 40. [Conclusion] When the test results are in line with the national standard limits, but also the level of hazard of occupational exposure to chemical poisons should be graded. Combining the production process, the occupational hazards of styrofoam and epichlorohydrin in rubber-coated posts of the Company’s hull are at a higher risk and the hazard levels are highly hazardous. Therefore, it is suggested that the position of glue-coated posts on the hull should be regarded as the key control point. Focus on monitoring and improvement.