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运载火箭总体设计是一项涵盖多学科的系统工程。在总体设计过程中,需要综合考虑弹道、气动、姿控等多个学科的设计方案及其相互间的耦合关系。多学科优化(MDO)方法通过不同的单级或多级模型对多学科系统进行近似建模,再利用相应数值算法迭代计算,从而逼近全局最优解。系统回顾了多学科优化方法在国内外的发展脉络,择要介绍了应用于总体设计的经典多学科优化模型架构、软件平台和实际算例,探讨了多学科优化方法在我国运载火箭总体设计中的应用价值和发展前景。
The overall design of the launch vehicle is a multidisciplinary system engineering. In the overall design process, we need to consider the ballistic, aerodynamic, attitude control and other disciplines of design and their mutual coupling relationship. The multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) approach approximates the global optimal solution by approximating multidisciplinary systems with different single-level or multi-level models and iteratively calculating them using corresponding numerical algorithms. This paper systematically reviews the development of multidisciplinary optimization methods both at home and abroad, and introduces the classic multidisciplinary optimization model architecture, software platform and practical examples applied to the overall design, and discusses the multidisciplinary optimization methods in the overall design of launch vehicles in China The application value and the development prospect.