近代由于时代的发展和要求,在中国的知识分子中间产生了一种与传统士人有较大差别的新的知识分子阶层。他们读书不仅仅是为了应科举,更重要的是为国求富求强,挽救民族危亡。他们崇尚科学,主张大力学习西方先进的科技、政治制度、大力发展工商业。他们反对科举,主张兴格致之学,多设学校,广植人才。他们的出现对中国社会的政治、经济、文化等多方面都产生了深远的影响,他们的来源主要有以下几个方面:第一,留洋学生是新型知识分子的一大来源。一些洋务官员在办洋务的过程中已认识到留学是培养专门人才的一条捷径,1865年奕訢等“议派旗兵前往外国布置机器局中,学习制造”但怕遭到攻 In modern times, due to the development and requirements of the times, a new class of intellectuals with great differences from traditional scholars was created among Chinese intellectuals. They are not only studying for the imperial examinations, but more importantly for the country seeking prosperity and seeking to save the nation from peril. They advocate science and advocate vigorous study of advanced western science and technology, political systems, and vigorous development of industry and commerce. They opposed the imperial examinations, advocated Xing Xingzhizhi, set up more schools, and expanded talents. Their appearance has had a far-reaching impact on the political, economic and cultural aspects of Chinese society. Their sources are mainly in the following aspects: First, students from abroad are a major source of new intellectuals. Some foreign affairs officials have realized that studying abroad is a shortcut to train specialized talents in the process of doing business in Westernization. In 1865, Yan Xin and other “arrested guerrillas sent to foreign countries to set up a machine bureau to learn and manufacture” but feared being attacked.