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采用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ） 标记，对四川近５０ 年来年推广面积６－６７ 万ｈｍ２（１００万亩）以上的４０ 个小麦主栽品种遗传差异进行了初步探讨。结果表明，５５ 个随机引物中，有３２个引物（ 占５８－２％ ） 扩增产物具有多态性。３２ 个引物共扩增出１８５ 条带，其中９３ 条带（ 占５０％ ）具有多态性，每个引物可扩增出１ ～１１ 条多态性带，平均２－９ 条。４０ 个品种ＲＡＰＤ 标记遗传距离（ＧＤ） 变异为０－０１９ ～０－４７５ ，平均ＧＤ 值为０－２２１。聚类分析表明，在ＧＤ 值０－２３ 水平上，４０ 个品种可聚为５ 类。一些随机引物对有些品种能进行特异性扩增。引物ＯＰＮ１４ 对小麦１ＢＳ 扩增能产生特异性ＤＮＡ 片段，能完全鉴定出４０ 个供试品种中的９ 个１ＢＬ／１ＲＳ小麦－ 黑麦易位系品种。据此认为，ＲＡＰＤ标记可以作为小麦品种鉴定的指纹图谱。
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to investigate the genetic differences among 40 wheat cultivars with the popularized area of 6-67 million hm2 (over 1 million mu) in Sichuan in the recent 50 years. The results showed that among the 55 random primers, 32 primers (58-2%) amplified the polymorphic products. A total of 185 bands were amplified with 32 primers, of which 93 bands (50%) were polymorphic. Each primer amplified 1 to 11 polymorphic bands with an average of 2-9 bands. The genetic variation (GD) of 40 RAPD markers ranged from 0-019 to 0-475, and the average GD value was 0-221. Cluster analysis showed that at the 0-23 level of GD, 40 cultivars could be clustered into 5 categories. Some random primers for some species can be specifically amplified. Primer OPN14 could generate specific DNA fragments for wheat 1BS amplification and fully identify 9 1BL / 1RS wheat-rye translocation lines among 40 tested cultivars. Accordingly, RAPD markers can be used as the identification of wheat varieties fingerprints.