目的探讨晚期早产儿早期智能发育情况及其影响因素。方法选择本院产科2013年4月至2014年3月出生并转入新生儿科的晚期早产儿为观察对象,通过多种社会因素配对后,相应选择部分转入新生儿科的足月儿为对照。晚期早产儿在校正胎龄、足月儿生后40周、6月龄及1周岁时进行智能测试,比较智能水平。根据1周岁智能测试结果将晚期早产儿分为发育正常组和异常组,分析可能对神经发育产生影响的临床因素。结果晚期早产儿校正胎龄、足月儿生后40周、6月龄、1周岁分别纳入随访50、48、45例和60、51、46例。6月龄时晚期早产儿大运动落后于足月儿,1周岁时大运动、精细动作、语言落后于足月儿,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,小于胎龄儿(OR=7.361,95%CI4.937~10.971)、低血糖(OR=4.768,95%CI1.325~17.162)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(OR=4.621,95%CI2.022~10.557)、父母文化程度低(OR=1.930,95%CI 1.524~2.363)是影响晚期早产儿早期智能发育的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期早产儿智能发育欠佳,小于胎龄儿、低血糖、呼吸窘迫综合征、父母文化程度低是影响其早期智能发育的危险因素,需加强监护并进行针对性干预。 Objective To investigate the early intelligence development of late preterm infants and its influencing factors. Methods The late preterm children born in our hospital from April 2013 to March 2014 and transferred to the neonatology department were selected as the observation objects. After paired with a variety of social factors, the corresponding full-term children who switched to the neonatal section were selected as the control. Late preterm children in the correction of gestational age, full-term 40 weeks after childbirth, 6 months of age and 1 year-old intelligent test to compare the level of intelligence. Based on the results of one-year-old intelligent test, the late-stage preterm infants were divided into normal development group and abnormal group, and the clinical factors that may affect neurodevelopment were analyzed. Results The corrected gestational age of late preterm children, full-term 40 weeks after childbirth, 6 months of age, 1 year of age were included in the follow-up 50,48,45 cases and 60,51,46 cases. The 6-month-old preterm infants had a large movement lagging behind that of the full-moon infants. One-year-old maneuvers, meticulous movements and language lagging behind full-term infants had statistical significance (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 4.621, P <0.01) was significantly associated with low-gestational age (OR = 7.361,95% CI4.937-10.971), hypoglycemia (OR = 4.768,95% CI1.325-17.162) 95% CI 2.022-10.557). Low educational level (OR = 1.930, 95% CI 1.524-2.363) was a risk factor for early intellectual development in advanced preterm infants (P <0.05). Conclusions The premature infant with poor intelligence development, the less than gestational age, hypoglycemia and respiratory distress syndrome, and the low educational level of parents are the risk factors affecting the early intelligence development. It is necessary to strengthen the guardianship and make targeted interventions.