【摘 要】
：
The existence of purinergic signaling—the idea that almost all cells of the animal/human organism are able to communicate with each other via extracellular pur
【机 构】
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International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purine Signaling, Chengdu University of T
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The existence of purinergic signaling—the idea that almost all cells of the animal/human organism are able to communicate with each other via extracellular purines—was proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020) in 1972 [1-3].The purinergic system includes the following constituents: (1) the four main purines: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine (ADO);(2) three key enzymes, the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases: NTPDase 1/CD39), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPP), and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E-5'-nucleotidase/CD73), which decompose ATP into ADP, AMP, and ADO;and (3) nineteen purinergic receptors: four subtypes of G protein-coupled P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), seven subtypes of ligand-gated cationic channels (P2X1-7), and eight subtypes of metabotropic G proteincoupled receptors (P2Y1, 2, 4, 6, and 11-14) [4, 5].
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