碳酸岩在自然界是广泛分布的。它的主要成分是石灰石或碳酸钙Ca CO_3(方解石或霰石)和白云石或碳酸钙镁Ca、Mg(CO_3)_2,这些都是沉积变质作用后的衍生物。 碳酸岩的特点是速度、密度和电阻都比较高,但与所有沉积岩一样,这些参数决定于许多因素:构成骨架的矿物成分和颗粒性质。胶结程度,孔隙度,流体内容,骨架和流体所承受的压力,裂隙度,沉积物埋藏深度和时代。 Carbonates are widely distributed in nature. Its main components are limestone or calcium carbonate CaCO_3 (calcite or aragonite) and dolomite or calcium magnesium carbonate Ca, Mg (CO_3) _2, these are the derivatives after deposition metamorphism. Carbonates are characterized by relatively high velocities, densities and electrical resistances, but, like all sedimentary rocks, these parameters depend on many factors: the mineral composition and the nature of the particles that make up the skeleton. Degree of cementing, porosity, fluid content, pressure on the skeleton and fluid, fracture, depth of burial deposits, and age.