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五四运动后,在各马路商联会基础上形成的商总联会,以日益高涨的民族意识作为动员和集结中下层商人的工具理性,以“不出代议士不纳租税”为手段,在抵制公共租界的增捐斗争和争取市民权运动中,集中展现了租界内中下层华商的整体力量。但是,在变幻莫测的国内政局中,中小商人政治上的幼稚性、复杂的政治派系与地域性商帮的争夺,导致组织分裂。新、老两总会的分立,造成华商整体力量的分散与弱化,各路商联会要求商总联会远离政治,回归“在商言商”的本位,经过三轮自下而上的努力,分裂两年之久的商总联会再次走向统一。上海商总联会的形成与分合,反映了中下层商人政治上的激进性与不成熟性。尽管如此,商总联会在维护市场秩序、反对工部局增捐和北京政府开征印花税的斗争中,仍然发挥了积极作用,维护了商人的整体利益,是一个政治色彩浓厚的非法人中下层商人团体。
After the May 4th Movement, the General Federation of Commerce, formed on the basis of the various road associations, took the rising national consciousness as the instrumental rationale for mobilizing and pooling the middle and lower-level businessmen with the principle of “not representing the taxpayers without paying taxes” As a means, they concentrated on the overall strength of middle and lower-level Chinese businessmen in the concession in their fight against the public-funds concessions and the civil rights movement. However, in the unpredictable domestic political situation, the political immaturity of small and medium-sized businessmen, the struggle between the complicated political factions and the local business organizations have led to the organization’s division. The separation of the new and the old two will result in the fragmentation and weakening of the overall strength of the Chinese businessmen. Various associations will require the Federation of Commerce and Industry to move away from politics and return to the “business-oriented” position. After three rounds of bottom-up Efforts to split the two years after the General Federation once again toward reunification. The formation and distribution of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions reflects the political radicality and immaturity of middle and lower-level businessmen. Despite this, the SCAPU still played an active role in safeguarding the market order, opposing the increase in the labor bureau and the Beijing government in stamping stamp duties, and maintained the overall interests of the merchants. It was a middle-class businessman with a strong political profile, group.