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岩体具有两个最为明显的特点,即不但具有特定的结构形式,而且始终处于一定的原岩应力状态。因此,开挖于岩体中的地下工程,诸如矿山井巷、地下洞库及隧道,其稳定状态明显地受上述两类基本因素的控制与影响。而工程围岩的变形特性是判断与评价工程稳定状态及其发展趋势的重要依据,这是现今地下工程开挖施工中日益重视变形量测的重要原因。
The rock mass has two most obvious characteristics, namely that it not only has a specific structural form, but also is always in a certain state of original rock stress. Therefore, underground projects excavated in rock masses, such as mine shafts, underground caverns and tunnels, are clearly controlled and influenced by the above two basic factors. The deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the project is an important basis for judging and evaluating the stability of the project and its development trend. This is an important reason for the increasing emphasis on deformation measurement in the underground excavation construction.