马克思主义告诉我们,科学的发展並不僅是新的事实在数量上的累积,或是舊有情况和舊有结论的补充,它是有它本身一方面的变革的。先进科学在任何时候总是在为反对因循迟滞与墨守成规,反对陈腐传统与古老制度而斗争着的,因为这些都是前进中的障礙。斯大林同志曾经说:“科学在它的发展过程中认识了许多勇敢的人们,他们不顧任何敌人包围的障礙,能够推翻舊的事物,创造新的事物。”所以历史上会产生过科学的英雄与勇士,如哥白尼,勃鲁诺、伽利略等。他们在天主教统治的中世 Marxism tells us that the development of science is not only the quantitative accumulation of new facts, or the supplement of the old situation and old conclusions, but it has its own transformation on the one hand. Advanced science is always struggling against obsessions and sticking to conventions and against the stale traditions and ancient institutions at any time as these are obstacles to progress. In the course of its development, Comrade Stalin once said: “Science has known many brave people in its development. They can overthrow the old things and create new things in spite of any obstacle surrounded by the enemy.” So historically there have been scientific heroes and Warriors, such as Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo and so on. They are the Catholic rulers of the Middle Ages