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目的了解某医学院校新生心理健康状况,为相应的心理健康教育和心理咨询工作提供参考依据。方法整群抽取广州某医科大学2011—2014年全体大一新生5 728名,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。结果大一新生的恐怖因子得分(1.44±0.44)高于2008年全国大学生常模(1.38±0.49),差异有统计学意义(t=-18.08,P<0.05)。在性别因素上SCL-90总均分差异有统计学意义(t=-6.55,P<0.05),女生得分(142.33±34.19)高于男生(136.22±35.23);除偏执因子外,其他因子在性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),女生得分高于男生。非医学类专业学生的SCL-90总分(141.57±36.55)高于医学类专业学生(139.35±34.12),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.07,P<0.05);非医学类专业学生在躯体化、敌对两个因子上的得分均高于医学类专业学生,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-2.29,-2.83,P值均<0.05)。结论开展大学生心理健康教育工作要充分考虑性别、专业等因素,有针对性地给予指导和教育。
Objective To understand the mental health status of freshmen in a medical college and provide a reference for the corresponding mental health education and psychological counseling. Methods A total of 5 728 freshmen were enrolled in a medical college in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2014. A questionnaire was conducted using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results The score of freshmen (1.44 ± 0.44) was higher than that of the normal college students in 2008 (1.38 ± 0.49), the difference was statistically significant (t = -18.08, P <0.05). The total score of SCL-90 in gender was significantly different (t = -6.55, P <0.05), female score was higher (142.33 ± 34.19) than that of male (136.22 ± 35.23) Gender differences were statistically significant (P all <0.05), girls score higher than boys. The score of SCL-90 in non-medical majors was higher than that of medical majors (139.55 ± 34.12) (141.57 ± 36.55, t = -2.07, P <0.05). The non-medical majors The scores of somatization and hostility were higher than those of medical majors. The differences were statistically significant (t = -2.29, -2.83, P <0.05 respectively). Conclusion To carry out the mental health education of college students should give full consideration to the gender, profession and other factors, and give guidance and education in a targeted manner.