洞庭湖位于湖南省北部,长江中游荆江南岸,是我国第二大淡水湖。现为容纳湘、资、沅、澧四水及荆江南岸松滋、太平、藕池、调弦(1958年筑坝控制分流)四口分流的调蓄湖泊,从岳阳城陵矶注入长江。多年平均过境水量为3161亿立方米,湖泊水面2651平方公里。环湖四周的洞庭湖区,地跨湘鄂两省。面积18780平方公里,其中,湖南省境内占15200平方公里,天然洪道1307平方公里,有堤垸266个,一线防洪堤达3471公里。保护着598万人口,868万多亩耕地。下文引用的均系 Dongting Lake is located in northern Hunan Province, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Jingjiang south bank, is China’s second largest freshwater lake. It is to accommodate the four diversion lakes of Hunan, Ziyuan, Yuan, Huangshan and Songzui, Taiping, Ouchi and Tunxi (dam control diversion in 1958) on the south bank of Jingjiang River and inject them into the Yangtze River from Chenglingji of Yueyang. The average transiting water volume for many years is 3.1661 trillion cubic meters and the lake water surface is 2651 square kilometers. Around the Dongting Lake area, across Hunan and Hubei provinces. Area of ​​18,780 square kilometers, of which, Hunan Province, covering 15,200 square kilometers, natural floodways 1307 square kilometers, embankment embankment 266, 3471 kilometers of flood control embankment. 5.98 million population and 8.68 million mu of arable land are protected. The following reference are the Department of