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今年是印度著名诗人、文学家、社会活动家、哲学家泰戈尔150周年诞辰。1924年泰戈尔应孙中山先生之邀访华，拉开了中印两国近代史上规模最大的一次文化交流的序幕。曾获诺贝尔文学奖的泰戈尔此次访华，由徐志摩全程陪同并作翻译。他们之间的友情也不断加深，成为中印交流史上的一段风雅佳话。
1924年4月12日上午10时，一艘轮船沿黄浦江缓缓驶进上海汇山码头。轮船上红帽银须的印度诗哲泰戈尔出现在欢迎者的视线内时，岸上响起了一阵激动的欢呼声，中印两国近代史上规模最大的一次文化交流就此拉开了序幕。
泰戈尔在上海入境，经南京、济南到北京，一路上会见各界著名人士，发表演讲，全由诗人徐志摩翻译。泰戈尔在上海、北京等地用英语发表演讲，以其独特的诗的语言、诗的意象，表达他深奥的政治、哲学观点。要把他的讲话精确地译成中文是相当困难的。然而，对英语有很深的造诣、文学功力深厚的徐志摩，翻译起来却显得游刃有余。他以华丽的辞藻，抑扬顿挫的声调，从容不迫、声情并茂地把泰戈尔的思想传递给众多听众。
徐志摩是真心诚意地崇拜泰戈尔。在泰戈尔来华前，他频繁地与泰戈尔通信，安排来华的具体细节。在泰戈尔访华过程中，他与泰戈尔形影不离，陪诗哲一同觐见中国末代皇帝溥仪；亲自参演泰戈尔名剧《齐德拉》，以庆祝泰翁64岁的生日；泰戈尔访华结束，徐志摩又陪他访问日本，后一直把他送到香港，才依依惜别。
然而，令泰戈尔始料不及的是，迎接他的不但有春雷般的掌声和美丽的鲜花，也有尖利刺人的荆棘。以五四新文化运动成果的捍卫者和左翼文化人士，包括陈独秀、茅盾、瞿秋白、吴稚晖、沈泽民、林语堂等，要“激颜厉色送他走”；而以梁启超、徐志摩、胡适等为代表的另一批文化界人士，千方百计为他辩护，热烈地歌颂他、宣扬他、欢迎他。
泰戈尔受到激烈批评的原因是多方面的，既与批评者对他的误解有关，也与赞美、欢迎者大有干系，其中首当其冲的是徐志摩。
无论是精神上、思想上还是在性情上，徐志摩与泰戈尔都是心心相印的。泰戈尔是徐志摩一生最为崇拜的偶像，也是他最知心的朋友。
然而，可能就是因为这种极端的崇拜，徐志摩没能向中国人民客观地介绍泰戈尔，而是带有强烈的个人情绪，把泰戈尔敬若神仙。对曾获得诺贝尔文学奖的泰戈尔进行诗意的神化和过分的颂扬。当时，泰戈尔正在积极为世界和平运动奔走，主张建立一个全人类相亲相爱的理想王国。这位伟大的印度诗人和社会活动家的世界观是矛盾而又复杂的，他支持正义，反对战争，但他所传播的“爱”的福音和哲理显然是中国的现实革命斗争所不能接受的。中国当时最迫切的任务是反帝反封建，中国人民当时最重要的工作是积极参加即将到来的国民革命。而泰戈尔这时在中国到处宣传以爱对抗暴力，大谈博爱主义，这让那些革命者看来就是在消磨人们的革命意志。
泰戈尔也从一开始就对徐志摩产生了好感，觉得“这是一位诗友”，“是一个性情活泼的人”。对诗歌艺术同样的热爱，对心灵自由共同执著的追求，敞开了泰戈尔和徐志摩的心扉，使他们成为无话不谈的忘年交。在泰戈尔访华形影相随的日子里，两人结下深厚的友谊，并且经常互相交换诗和画。徐志摩称泰戈尔为“老戈爹”，泰戈尔在徐志摩家乡时，“观者如堵，各校学生数百名齐奏歌乐，群向行礼，颇极一时之盛。”泰戈尔为他的中国知音起了一个印度名字——苏萨玛。在孟加拉语中，“苏萨玛”意谓雅士，这对风流倜傥的徐志摩来说，是个贴切的名字。
徐志摩的故居坐落在浙江嘉兴海宁硖石镇。逝去的岁月给这600多平方米的小洋楼留下了沧桑，但诗人的浪漫气质却穿透沧桑，散发出丝丝缕缕的情思和馨香。
1897年1月15日，徐志摩出生在硖石镇保宁坊的一户富商人家。徐志摩自小过着优裕的公子生活。1910年春，徐志摩离开家乡，进入杭州府中学学习，跟郁达夫是同班同学。1915年夏，他在杭州一中毕业后即考入北京大学预科。同年秋回家乡与当时政界、金融界赫赫有名的张氏的千金张幼仪结婚。然而徐志摩并不爱张幼仪。时值“五四”爱国运动正在孕育之时，徐志摩于1918年从上海搭乘客轮留学去了。在美、英等国家，他广交名流，受到那“奇异的风”的吹拂。
徐志摩初试啼声，在英国剑桥开始了他的写诗生涯。徐志摩气质浪漫，但并非花花公子。来到英国后，他的情绪由热烈转向淡泊，生活由紧张转向闲暇，性格越来越趋向于清高和超脱，徐志摩敏于交际，善于言谈，他在英国剑桥这个文化沙龙里周旋自如。
1922年10月15日徐志摩回到祖国。他的文学活动贯穿新月社的始终，被称为“新月的灵魂”。对于新月社的名称，曾有不同的说法，但陈西滢与梁实秋都说“新月”二字套用自泰戈尔的一部诗集《新月集》。
新月社最初是想通过搞戏剧“露崚角”，但直到1924年泰戈尔来华才演出短剧《齐德拉》。容貌出众的林徽因在剧中饰公主，风流儒雅的徐志摩扮演爱神。
泰戈尔在北京天坛草坪上登台演说时，由林徽因搀扶着，“林小姐人艳如花，和老诗人挟臂而行，加上长袍白面、郊寒岛瘦的徐志摩，犹如苍松竹梅的一幅三友图”，当时报纸上刊登有这三人合影的照片，一时传为美谈。
于是，一个缠绵悱恻的爱情故事问世了。26岁才华横溢的徐志摩爱上了风华绝代的林徽因，但结果是林徽因成了徐志摩恩师梁启超的儿媳妇。就在徐志摩极其沮丧的时候，能歌善舞、能写会画的陆小曼走进了他的生活。徐志摩把小洋楼亲昵地称为“香巢”，每日都要为陆小曼买一束鲜花。他故居后面有一口水井，徐志摩用诗一样的语言对陆小曼说：“眉！这一潭清冽的泉水，你不来洗濯，谁来？你不来解渴，谁来？”陆小曼来了，1926年10月3日，他们在北海举行了一个简单的婚礼之后，便双双翩然南下。
泰戈尔在访华期间，由徐志摩陪同，会见了梁启超、沈钧儒、梅兰芳、梁漱溟、齐白石等各界名流。泰戈尔访华后回到印度，将他在中国的演讲汇编成《在中国的讲话》，此书的扉页上写道：“献给我的朋友苏萨玛，由于他的周到照料，我得以结识伟大的中国人民。”泰戈尔把印中两国文化交流当作他访华的使命，此题词是对完成这一使命的过程中徐志摩热诚相助的充分肯定。
频繁的越洋鸿书，不断加深着泰戈尔和徐志摩的友情。1929年，泰戈尔结束在国外的讲学，回国途经上海，在徐志摩家小住。徐志摩夫妇早为他布置了一间富有印度情调的房间，可泰戈尔却偏偏喜欢摆着古色古香家具的徐志摩的卧室，徐志摩当即作了调整，让泰戈尔度过几天愉快的时光。临别前，泰戈尔用孟加拉语写了一首赠诗：
亲爱的，我羁留旅途，
光阴枉掷，樱花已凋零，
喜的是遍野的映山红，
显现你慰藉的笑容。□
An Unforgettable Event in the History of Cultural Exchanges between China and India
By Fei Siming
Year 2011 is the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), a Bengali poet, novelist, musician, painter and playwright who reshaped Bengali literature and music. The great man was the first non-European in history who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
On April 12, 1924 Tagore arrived in Shanghai, starting his first visit to China at the invitation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Accompanied by Xu Zhimo (1897-1931), a celebrated early 20th-century Chinese poet, Tagore made this visit that marked the biggest cultural exchange between China and India in modern history.
Tagore’s first stop in China was Shanghai. Traveling northward through Nanjing and Jinan, he ended his visit in Beijing. Xu Zhimo was with him all the way, interpreting his thought to Chinese people vividly and expertly. Xu adored Tagore wholeheartedly. Through busy correspondence before Tagore’s visit in China, Xu made detailed arrangements for the Bengali poet’s visit. During the sage’s days in China, the two scholars were like peas and carrots. They even granted an audience with Pu Yi, the last emperor of China who has been dethroned as the result of 1911 Revolution. After his visit to China, Tagore visited Japan. On his way home the poet stopped over Hong Kong. Xu accompanied Tagore to Japan and then all the way to Hong Kong before waving farewell.
Tagore liked this Zhejiang poet at first sight. He regarded Xu as a poetic companion, a lively buddy. Sharing the same devotion to poetry and art, seeking for the same kind of mental freedom, Tagore opened his mind to this romantic fellow. They soon became good friends despite great difference in age, being in each other's confidence. They exchanged poetry and paintings frequently, spending hours in a pleasant conversation. They even gave nicknames to each other with good wish.
However, Tagore did not bargain for so much difficulty in China. Besides praise and applause, there were also thorns on the way. At that time, there were two streams of thought in Chinese society. The defenders of the achievement of May 4th New Culture Movement, including Chen Duxiu, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and other revolutionary intellectuals gave him cold shoulder, calling for his leave. While more conservative Chinese cultural celebrities, represented by Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi, defended him, praising and advocating his work passionately.
The reason why Tagore was criticized was manifold. It was both due to some critics’ misconception and some Chinese scholars’ over-glorification of Tagore’s attainments.
Tagore and Xu shared each other’s interest. They were very much alike both in mind and temperament. Xu regarded the Bengali poet as an idol, a bosom friend. Perhaps it was Xu’s excessive adoration made him fail to introduce Tagore to Chinese people objectively. With a strong personal emotion, Xu deified him, eulogizing the great man inappropriately.
Tagore was canvassing for the world peace in many countries at that time, advocating a Utopia without war. He stood up for justice, opposing conflict. Such kind of philosophy of love was undesirable in Chinese society under the ongoing revolutionary endeavors in those days. The most urgent mission for Chinese at that time was to combat imperialism and feudalism. The most important task for them was to devote themselves to national revolution at hand. Tagore’s propaganda for love, peace, spiritual civilization and philanthropy was great, but many Chinese revolutionaries thought it would wear down people’s determination to fight.
During Tagore’s days in China, he visited Liang Qichao, Mei Lanfang, Shen Junru and other Chinese cultural and art celebrities in the accompaniment of Xu Zhimo.
After Tagore finished his visit in China and returned to his country, he put his speeches made in China into a book. On the title page of the book was printed a sentence, “To my Chinese friend. Under the care of him, I was able to make acquaintance with the great Chinese people”.
Tagore made cultural exchanges between China and India as the purpose of his visit to China. His inscription on the book was a way to show his appreciation of Xu Zhimo’s great help.
The frequent correspondence enhanced the friendship between Tagore and Xu day by day. In 1929, Tagore called on Xu and his wife at their apartment in Shanghai on his way back to India after his overseas lectures. They spent some joyful days together. Tagore composed a poem before leaving to show his gratitude for Xu’s generous hospitality and to commemorate their sincere friendship.□
1924年4月12日上午10时，一艘轮船沿黄浦江缓缓驶进上海汇山码头。轮船上红帽银须的印度诗哲泰戈尔出现在欢迎者的视线内时，岸上响起了一阵激动的欢呼声，中印两国近代史上规模最大的一次文化交流就此拉开了序幕。
泰戈尔在上海入境，经南京、济南到北京，一路上会见各界著名人士，发表演讲，全由诗人徐志摩翻译。泰戈尔在上海、北京等地用英语发表演讲，以其独特的诗的语言、诗的意象，表达他深奥的政治、哲学观点。要把他的讲话精确地译成中文是相当困难的。然而，对英语有很深的造诣、文学功力深厚的徐志摩，翻译起来却显得游刃有余。他以华丽的辞藻，抑扬顿挫的声调，从容不迫、声情并茂地把泰戈尔的思想传递给众多听众。
徐志摩是真心诚意地崇拜泰戈尔。在泰戈尔来华前，他频繁地与泰戈尔通信，安排来华的具体细节。在泰戈尔访华过程中，他与泰戈尔形影不离，陪诗哲一同觐见中国末代皇帝溥仪；亲自参演泰戈尔名剧《齐德拉》，以庆祝泰翁64岁的生日；泰戈尔访华结束，徐志摩又陪他访问日本，后一直把他送到香港，才依依惜别。
然而，令泰戈尔始料不及的是，迎接他的不但有春雷般的掌声和美丽的鲜花，也有尖利刺人的荆棘。以五四新文化运动成果的捍卫者和左翼文化人士，包括陈独秀、茅盾、瞿秋白、吴稚晖、沈泽民、林语堂等，要“激颜厉色送他走”；而以梁启超、徐志摩、胡适等为代表的另一批文化界人士，千方百计为他辩护，热烈地歌颂他、宣扬他、欢迎他。
泰戈尔受到激烈批评的原因是多方面的，既与批评者对他的误解有关，也与赞美、欢迎者大有干系，其中首当其冲的是徐志摩。
无论是精神上、思想上还是在性情上，徐志摩与泰戈尔都是心心相印的。泰戈尔是徐志摩一生最为崇拜的偶像，也是他最知心的朋友。
然而，可能就是因为这种极端的崇拜，徐志摩没能向中国人民客观地介绍泰戈尔，而是带有强烈的个人情绪，把泰戈尔敬若神仙。对曾获得诺贝尔文学奖的泰戈尔进行诗意的神化和过分的颂扬。当时，泰戈尔正在积极为世界和平运动奔走，主张建立一个全人类相亲相爱的理想王国。这位伟大的印度诗人和社会活动家的世界观是矛盾而又复杂的，他支持正义，反对战争，但他所传播的“爱”的福音和哲理显然是中国的现实革命斗争所不能接受的。中国当时最迫切的任务是反帝反封建，中国人民当时最重要的工作是积极参加即将到来的国民革命。而泰戈尔这时在中国到处宣传以爱对抗暴力，大谈博爱主义，这让那些革命者看来就是在消磨人们的革命意志。
泰戈尔也从一开始就对徐志摩产生了好感，觉得“这是一位诗友”，“是一个性情活泼的人”。对诗歌艺术同样的热爱，对心灵自由共同执著的追求，敞开了泰戈尔和徐志摩的心扉，使他们成为无话不谈的忘年交。在泰戈尔访华形影相随的日子里，两人结下深厚的友谊，并且经常互相交换诗和画。徐志摩称泰戈尔为“老戈爹”，泰戈尔在徐志摩家乡时，“观者如堵，各校学生数百名齐奏歌乐，群向行礼，颇极一时之盛。”泰戈尔为他的中国知音起了一个印度名字——苏萨玛。在孟加拉语中，“苏萨玛”意谓雅士，这对风流倜傥的徐志摩来说，是个贴切的名字。
徐志摩的故居坐落在浙江嘉兴海宁硖石镇。逝去的岁月给这600多平方米的小洋楼留下了沧桑，但诗人的浪漫气质却穿透沧桑，散发出丝丝缕缕的情思和馨香。
1897年1月15日，徐志摩出生在硖石镇保宁坊的一户富商人家。徐志摩自小过着优裕的公子生活。1910年春，徐志摩离开家乡，进入杭州府中学学习，跟郁达夫是同班同学。1915年夏，他在杭州一中毕业后即考入北京大学预科。同年秋回家乡与当时政界、金融界赫赫有名的张氏的千金张幼仪结婚。然而徐志摩并不爱张幼仪。时值“五四”爱国运动正在孕育之时，徐志摩于1918年从上海搭乘客轮留学去了。在美、英等国家，他广交名流，受到那“奇异的风”的吹拂。
徐志摩初试啼声，在英国剑桥开始了他的写诗生涯。徐志摩气质浪漫，但并非花花公子。来到英国后，他的情绪由热烈转向淡泊，生活由紧张转向闲暇，性格越来越趋向于清高和超脱，徐志摩敏于交际，善于言谈，他在英国剑桥这个文化沙龙里周旋自如。
1922年10月15日徐志摩回到祖国。他的文学活动贯穿新月社的始终，被称为“新月的灵魂”。对于新月社的名称，曾有不同的说法，但陈西滢与梁实秋都说“新月”二字套用自泰戈尔的一部诗集《新月集》。
新月社最初是想通过搞戏剧“露崚角”，但直到1924年泰戈尔来华才演出短剧《齐德拉》。容貌出众的林徽因在剧中饰公主，风流儒雅的徐志摩扮演爱神。
泰戈尔在北京天坛草坪上登台演说时，由林徽因搀扶着，“林小姐人艳如花，和老诗人挟臂而行，加上长袍白面、郊寒岛瘦的徐志摩，犹如苍松竹梅的一幅三友图”，当时报纸上刊登有这三人合影的照片，一时传为美谈。
于是，一个缠绵悱恻的爱情故事问世了。26岁才华横溢的徐志摩爱上了风华绝代的林徽因，但结果是林徽因成了徐志摩恩师梁启超的儿媳妇。就在徐志摩极其沮丧的时候，能歌善舞、能写会画的陆小曼走进了他的生活。徐志摩把小洋楼亲昵地称为“香巢”，每日都要为陆小曼买一束鲜花。他故居后面有一口水井，徐志摩用诗一样的语言对陆小曼说：“眉！这一潭清冽的泉水，你不来洗濯，谁来？你不来解渴，谁来？”陆小曼来了，1926年10月3日，他们在北海举行了一个简单的婚礼之后，便双双翩然南下。
泰戈尔在访华期间，由徐志摩陪同，会见了梁启超、沈钧儒、梅兰芳、梁漱溟、齐白石等各界名流。泰戈尔访华后回到印度，将他在中国的演讲汇编成《在中国的讲话》，此书的扉页上写道：“献给我的朋友苏萨玛，由于他的周到照料，我得以结识伟大的中国人民。”泰戈尔把印中两国文化交流当作他访华的使命，此题词是对完成这一使命的过程中徐志摩热诚相助的充分肯定。
频繁的越洋鸿书，不断加深着泰戈尔和徐志摩的友情。1929年，泰戈尔结束在国外的讲学，回国途经上海，在徐志摩家小住。徐志摩夫妇早为他布置了一间富有印度情调的房间，可泰戈尔却偏偏喜欢摆着古色古香家具的徐志摩的卧室，徐志摩当即作了调整，让泰戈尔度过几天愉快的时光。临别前，泰戈尔用孟加拉语写了一首赠诗：
亲爱的，我羁留旅途，
光阴枉掷，樱花已凋零，
喜的是遍野的映山红，
显现你慰藉的笑容。□
An Unforgettable Event in the History of Cultural Exchanges between China and India
By Fei Siming
Year 2011 is the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), a Bengali poet, novelist, musician, painter and playwright who reshaped Bengali literature and music. The great man was the first non-European in history who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
On April 12, 1924 Tagore arrived in Shanghai, starting his first visit to China at the invitation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Accompanied by Xu Zhimo (1897-1931), a celebrated early 20th-century Chinese poet, Tagore made this visit that marked the biggest cultural exchange between China and India in modern history.
Tagore’s first stop in China was Shanghai. Traveling northward through Nanjing and Jinan, he ended his visit in Beijing. Xu Zhimo was with him all the way, interpreting his thought to Chinese people vividly and expertly. Xu adored Tagore wholeheartedly. Through busy correspondence before Tagore’s visit in China, Xu made detailed arrangements for the Bengali poet’s visit. During the sage’s days in China, the two scholars were like peas and carrots. They even granted an audience with Pu Yi, the last emperor of China who has been dethroned as the result of 1911 Revolution. After his visit to China, Tagore visited Japan. On his way home the poet stopped over Hong Kong. Xu accompanied Tagore to Japan and then all the way to Hong Kong before waving farewell.
Tagore liked this Zhejiang poet at first sight. He regarded Xu as a poetic companion, a lively buddy. Sharing the same devotion to poetry and art, seeking for the same kind of mental freedom, Tagore opened his mind to this romantic fellow. They soon became good friends despite great difference in age, being in each other's confidence. They exchanged poetry and paintings frequently, spending hours in a pleasant conversation. They even gave nicknames to each other with good wish.
However, Tagore did not bargain for so much difficulty in China. Besides praise and applause, there were also thorns on the way. At that time, there were two streams of thought in Chinese society. The defenders of the achievement of May 4th New Culture Movement, including Chen Duxiu, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and other revolutionary intellectuals gave him cold shoulder, calling for his leave. While more conservative Chinese cultural celebrities, represented by Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi, defended him, praising and advocating his work passionately.
The reason why Tagore was criticized was manifold. It was both due to some critics’ misconception and some Chinese scholars’ over-glorification of Tagore’s attainments.
Tagore and Xu shared each other’s interest. They were very much alike both in mind and temperament. Xu regarded the Bengali poet as an idol, a bosom friend. Perhaps it was Xu’s excessive adoration made him fail to introduce Tagore to Chinese people objectively. With a strong personal emotion, Xu deified him, eulogizing the great man inappropriately.
Tagore was canvassing for the world peace in many countries at that time, advocating a Utopia without war. He stood up for justice, opposing conflict. Such kind of philosophy of love was undesirable in Chinese society under the ongoing revolutionary endeavors in those days. The most urgent mission for Chinese at that time was to combat imperialism and feudalism. The most important task for them was to devote themselves to national revolution at hand. Tagore’s propaganda for love, peace, spiritual civilization and philanthropy was great, but many Chinese revolutionaries thought it would wear down people’s determination to fight.
During Tagore’s days in China, he visited Liang Qichao, Mei Lanfang, Shen Junru and other Chinese cultural and art celebrities in the accompaniment of Xu Zhimo.
After Tagore finished his visit in China and returned to his country, he put his speeches made in China into a book. On the title page of the book was printed a sentence, “To my Chinese friend. Under the care of him, I was able to make acquaintance with the great Chinese people”.
Tagore made cultural exchanges between China and India as the purpose of his visit to China. His inscription on the book was a way to show his appreciation of Xu Zhimo’s great help.
The frequent correspondence enhanced the friendship between Tagore and Xu day by day. In 1929, Tagore called on Xu and his wife at their apartment in Shanghai on his way back to India after his overseas lectures. They spent some joyful days together. Tagore composed a poem before leaving to show his gratitude for Xu’s generous hospitality and to commemorate their sincere friendship.□