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目的综合分析医院药品不良反应(ADR)的发生情况、特点和规律,为结合临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法收集我院2013年4月-2014年12月上报国家ADR监测中心的药品不良反应报告共481例,采用回顾性分析方法对性别、不同年龄段、药品种类、剂型分布、器官/系统损害、临床症状和转归等进行统计分析总结。结果报告中,发生ADR的男女比例为1.25∶1;40岁以上发生的ADR明显增加;最易发生ADR的剂型是注射剂(88.77%);发生ADR药物品种数多,居首位的是抗菌药物(20.37%);ADR累及器官/系统最常见的是皮肤及其附件的损害(33.27%),而变态反应是严重ADR最常见的临床表现。结论加强药品不良反应监测工作,密切关注容易导致严重ADR的药品及其引起机体损害的临床表现,从而降低ADR的发生率,保障患者用药安全、合理。
Objective To comprehensively analyze the occurrence, characteristics and rules of adverse drug reaction (ADR) in hospitals and provide references for the rational use of drugs in clinical practice. Methods A total of 481 reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported to the National ADR Monitoring Center from April 2013 to December 2014 in our hospital were collected. Retrospective analysis was carried out on the gender, age group, type of drug, distribution of dosage forms, organ / system damage, Clinical symptoms and outcomes such as statistical analysis and summary. In the report of the results, the ratio of male to female ADR was 1.25: 1; the ADR was significantly increased over the age of 40; the most prone to ADR was injection (88.77%); the number of ADR drugs occurred in the first place was antibacterial (20.37%). The most common organ involvement in ADR was the damage of the skin and its appendages (33.27%). Allergy was the most common clinical manifestation of severe ADR. Conclusion To strengthen the monitoring of adverse drug reactions and pay close attention to the drugs that cause serious ADR and the clinical manifestations that cause the damage to the body, so as to reduce the incidence of ADR and ensure that patients are safe and rational in their medication.