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儿科急诊医学中常碰到的电解质异常包括低钾或高钾血症、低钠或高钠血症、低钙或高钙血症、低镁或高镁血症。电解质异常的临床表现包括心律失常、心功能受损、神经肌肉异常等,严重者可出现抽搐、昏迷、呼吸肌麻痹甚至呼吸心跳停止。对威胁生命的电解质异常需迅速纠正,甚至在实验室结果回报前就应积极采取措施,防止发生严重后果,并根据原发病的病理生理变化来调整。
Electrolyte abnormalities commonly encountered in pediatric emergency medicine include hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, hyponatremia or hypernatremia, hypocalcemia or hypercalcaemia, hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia. Clinical manifestations of electrolyte abnormalities, including arrhythmia, impaired cardiac function, neuromuscular abnormalities, severe cases can appear convulsions, coma, respiratory muscle paralysis and even respiratory arrest. The life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities need to be promptly corrected, and measures should be taken even before laboratory results are reported to prevent serious consequences and be adjusted based on the pathophysiological changes of the primary disease.