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目的评价长江监利段“东方之星”重大沉船事件发生后血吸虫病防治工作措施和成效,为今后突发事件救援中的血防应急处置工作提供经验。方法根据监利县沉船事发地点与搜救地点涉及乡镇的历史血吸虫病疫情资料及现场调查情况,对应急现场处置各项措施进行评价,并结合事件后处置情况,对评价区域的螺情、重点人群化疗、人畜病情监测、重点水体监测情况进行调查,综合评估灾后血吸虫病防治效果。结果沉船事故及救援现场均未发现感染性钉螺;监利县5个乡镇活螺平均密度为0.064只/0.1 m~2,未发现感染性钉螺。对2 090名外来人员进行血清学检测,阳性率为0.29%,未发现粪检阳性病人。发热门诊哨点监测未发现血吸虫感染病例,未发现粪检阳性耕牛。在沉船事故发生点及其上下游的4个村开展哨鼠监测,未发现血吸虫感染哨鼠。结论 “东方之星”沉船事件发生后所采取的血吸虫病防治措施行之有效,实现了突发事件后无血吸虫病传播的目标。
Objective To evaluate the measures and effectiveness of schistosomiasis control measures after the Jiangyuan section of the Yangtze River and the “Oriental Star” major wreck incident so as to provide experience for the future emergency measures in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory syndrome. Methods Based on the historical data of the schistosomiasis counties and the field investigation of the township affected by the shipwreck incident in Jianli County and the search and rescue sites, the measures of emergency site disposal were evaluated. Combined with the post-incident disposal situation, Chemotherapy, monitoring of human and animal disease, monitoring of key water bodies to investigate and evaluate the effect of post-disaster schistosomiasis control. Results No infective snails were found on the shipwreck and rescue sites. The mean density of live snails in 5 villages and towns in Jianli County was 0.064 /0.1 m ~ 2. Infectious snails were not found. Serological tests were carried out on 2 090 expatriates, with a positive rate of 0.29%. No positive stool tests were found. Fever clinics sentinel surveillance did not find cases of schistosomiasis, no manure found positive fecal examination. Sow rats were monitored at the site of the wreck accident and the four villages at the upstream and downstream of the shipwreck, and no schistosoma infection was observed. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis after the “Oriental Star” shipwreck incident was effective and achieved the goal of no schistosomiasis transmission after the emergency.