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目的:优化顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术提取新疆藁本地下部分挥发油的条件;分析比较采用HS-SPME技术和共水蒸馏法提取的新疆藁本地下部分挥发油成分的异同。方法:对萃取头、萃取温度、平衡时间、萃取时间、样品量等进行了同条件筛选;用HS-SPME技术和共水蒸馏法从新疆藁本中提取挥发性成分,用归一化法测定其百分含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)鉴定其化学组成。结果:0.08 g样品90℃温度下预热30 min后,以100μm PDMS涂层顶空萃取10 min,于250℃脱附5 min为固相微萃取技术提取新疆藁本挥发性成分最适条件;HS-SPME技术鉴定出22个成分,主要为肉豆蔻醚(75.88%)、乙酸松油酯(9.4%)、香松烯(2.99%)、榄香素(2.76%)、石竹烯(1.29%)等;共水蒸馏法初步鉴定出13个成分,主要为肉豆蔻醚(87.3%)、乙酸松油酯(3.29%)、α-水芹烯(2.56%)、6-丁基-1,4-环庚二烯(2.81%)、3-蒈烯(1.15%)。结论:2种方法提取挥发油的成分差异显著,HS-SPME技术提取挥发油能更全面快速地体现新疆藁本地下部分挥发油的化学成分。
OBJECTIVE: To optimize the conditions for the extraction of the essential oil from the roots of Rhizoid japonicus by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The similarities and differences of the constituents of the essential oil extracted from the roots of Rhizoma Alismatis from Xinjiang by HS-SPME and co-water distillation were analyzed. Methods: The conditions of extraction head, extraction temperature, equilibration time, extraction time, sample amount and so on were screened under the same conditions. The volatile components were extracted from the alburnomyces japonica by HS-SPME technique and co-water distillation, Their percentages were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: After the 0.08 g sample was preheated at 90 ℃ for 30 min, the optimal conditions for the extraction of the volatile components from S. japonica were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPE) extraction with 100 μm PDMS coating for 10 min in the headspace and desorption at 250 ℃ for 5 min. HS-SPME identified 22 ingredients, mainly including myristicin (75.88%), terpinyl acetate (9.4%), tripene (2.76%), caryophyllene (1.29% ), And 13 components were identified by co-water distillation, mainly including myristyl ether (87.3%), terpinyl acetate (3.29%), α-phellandrene (2.56%), 6-butyl- Cycloheptadiene (2.81%), 3-camphene (1.15%). Conclusion: There are significant differences between the two methods for extracting volatile oil. HS-SPME extraction of volatile oil can more completely and quickly reflect the chemical constituents of the volatile oil in the underground part of Lithocarpus tuberosus.