个体化时代的社会治理是当前学术界研究的重点。先秦时期,个体觉醒从政治上层开始,“亲亲”、“尊尊”的礼乐原则遭到践踏,宗法制和分封制逐渐瓦解,周礼依据“天”确立的合法性原则面临危机。在“礼崩乐坏”的背景下,政治权力出现无序化的走向,诸侯间力斗争霸、统治上层的腐败堕落导致天下动荡不安,黎民颠沛流离。面对此种危局,孔子适时地提出“仁”作为评判一切社会规范的标准,重构礼乐规范,促使权力从无序走向有序,以此确立新型的社会治理模式。孔子将此重任寄托于新兴崛起的士人群体,希望士人完成从知识人到道德人的转变,自觉肩负道统,承担国家与社会治理的重任。在孔子看来,士人道德治理主要包括三个层面:其一,确立以仁德为根基的天道作为政治权力的合法性原则;其二,促使政府权力走向理性化;其三,通过孝悌之道的推行重建民间社会秩序。孔子期望通过士人的道德治理模式最终实现国家与社会的有序运行。 Social governance in the era of individualism is the focus of current academic research. During the pre-Qin period, the individual awakening started from the political upper strata, the ritual and music principles of “kissing” and “respecting” were trampled, the patriarchal legal system and sub-seal system gradually disintegrated, and Zhou Li was based on the law established by “Heaven” The principle of sex is facing a crisis. In the context of “etiquette ”, political power disorderly trend, princes struggle to hegemony, corruption and corruption of the upper class led to turmoil in the world, people are displaced. Faced with this kind of danger, Confucius proposed “Ren ” as a standard for judging all social norms in a timely manner, reconstructing rituals and rituals, and promoting power from chaos to order to establish a new social governance model. Confucius pinned this task on the newly emerging group of taxonomists and hoped that the intellectuals would complete the transition from a knowledge man to a moral man and consciously shoulder the decency and assume the important task of state and social governance. In Confucius’s opinion, Scholar’s moral governance mainly consists of three levels: first, establishing the principle of virtue based on virtue as the principle of legitimacy of political power; secondly, promoting the government’s power towards rationalization; thirdly, through filial piety The implementation of the reconstruction of civil society order. Confucius hopes that ultimately the realization of the orderly operation of the state and society will be realized through the mode of moral governance of intellectuals.