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陝北与鄂尔多斯之間广泛堆积着巨厚的风成沙,面积約6,344万亩,当地通称“毛烏素沙带”。属于榆林专区管轄的沙地面积有2,175万亩,其中流沙約占40％。大面积流沙給国民經济建設带来严重危害。我們根据生产部門的要求和造林治沙中存在的关键性的科学技术問題,于1956年秋选定榆溪河西新月形沙丘鏈沙地作为实驗場地(榆林紅石峡),自1957年初起正式开展定位試驗研究工作。本文就是1957—1962年在榆林风成沙地进行的固沙造林試驗研究报告,探討了沙地立地环境条件,适宜的固沙灌木种和造林法及其固沙作用。位于干草原地带的榆林新月形沙丘鏈沙地,地下水一般埋深大于3米,甚至超过10米,但沙丘內含水量一般保持在2—4％之間。这样的水分能滿足沙生植物生活需水,是造林固沙的有利条件。新月形沙丘迎风坡面由于吹蝕严重,不利于植物定居,猛烈的风沙流又影响植物正常生长发育,所以造林初期需輔以插沙障的防蝕措施。适于流沙上的灌木为花棒、木蓼、沙柳;适于地下水位高的丘间地的灌木为紫穗槐、酸刺;地下水位很深土壤紧实干燥的丘間地,适生灌木只有檸条。飞机播种沙蒿成效取决于沙地立地类型,流动的新月形沙丘鏈沙地,不适于撒播沙蒿。我們希望这些成果能在陝北、伊盟沙区和半荒漠地带的沙区各国营林場試用。
There is a vast amount of wind-blown sand widely deposited between northern Shaanxi and Erdos, covering an area of about 63.44 million mu. The area is commonly called the “Mu Usu Sand Belt.” Yulin area belongs to the jurisdiction of sandy land area of 21750000 acres, of which about 40% quicksand. Large-area quicksand has caused serious damage to the national economy. In the autumn of 1956, according to the requirements of the production department and the key scientific and technological problems existing in afforestation and desertification, we selected the cinnabar chain sand in the west of Elxi River as the experimental site (Hongshixia, Yulin) and formally started in early 1957 Positioning experimental research work. This paper is the report of the experimental study on afforestation afforestation carried out in Yulin windy sandy land from 1957 to 1962, and discusses the site environmental conditions, suitable sandy shrub and afforestation methods and their role in sand fixation. Located in the steppe steppe Yulin crescent sand dune chain sand groundwater depth of more than 3 meters, or even more than 10 meters, but the water content in sand dunes generally remain between 2-4%. Such moisture can meet the needs of sandy plants living water, afforestation and sand consolidation favorable conditions. Crescent sand dune windward slope due to severe blew, is not conducive to plant colonization, violent wind and sand flow and affect the normal growth and development of plants, so afforestation should be supplemented with sand barrier anti-corrosion measures. The shrubs suitable for quicksand are Hualien bud, Polygonum orientale and Salix psammophila. The shrubs suitable for the groundwater table are Amorpha fruticosa and acid thorns. The groundwater level is very tight and dry, Shrubs have only kaffir The effectiveness of aircraft sowing Artemisia ordosica depends on the type of sandy site and the flow of crescent-shaped dune chain sand, which is not suitable for spreading Artemisia annua. We hope these achievements can be tried out in the state-owned forest farms in the sand areas of northern Shaanxi, the Iraqi allied areas and the semi-desertified areas.