中国的傣族,以至于跨境居住在东南亚国家的傣—泰民族,可以分属于两个大的文化圈:一个是信仰佛教的傣一泰民族文化圈,一个是持原始宗教的傣一泰民族文化圈。前者包括中国西双版纳、德宏、孟连、景谷在内的大多数傣泐、傣讷、傣卵等支系,国外包括缅甸的掸族,泰国的泰北人,老挝的泐族;后者包括中国境内元江、红河流域和金平县内的各“花腰傣”族群,国外有越南西北部的泰族,老挝北部的“布傣”族群等。第一个文化圈内的傣—泰民族,他们信仰南传佛教,创立了文字,过着传统的泼水节(宋干节),其诗歌受到佛教和印度文化的深刻影响;第二个文化圈内的傣—泰民族,由于多姿多彩的服饰,在中国他们被简单地统称为“花腰傣”。他们普遍信仰天神、祖先神灵及其他山川河谷的原始宗教。他们不过泼水节,却过春节、中秋节、中元节等。除了金平傣族曾在历史上创立“金平傣文”并小范围内使用之外,其他“花腰傣”各群体都没有自己的文字,其文学几乎都是口头传承。由于使用文字与否,不同文化圈里的傣一泰民族,他们传承史诗、叙事诗的方式就不同。第一个文化圈的傣泐、傣讷、傣润、傣卯等支系,使用文字并将诗歌记录传承下来,很早就走上了口头和书面诗歌共同发展的道路。同时,那些“花腰傣”各支系由于没有文字,依然发展和传承着古老的口头诗歌。虽然两个文化圈的史诗传统发展情况不同,但不管是口头传承的,还是书面化的诗歌,它们都遵循共同的诗歌韵律。其诗歌中普遍的韵律格式,就是“腰脚韵”。也许这就是所有傣—泰民族诗歌共享的基因。 The Dai nationality in China and Dai people living in Southeast Asian countries across the border can belong to two major cultural circles: one is the Dai-Tai ethnic cultural circle that is Buddhist, the other is the Dai-Tai ethnic nationality with primitive religion Cultural circle. The former includes most of the Dai, Dai and Dai eggs in Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Menglian and Jinggu in China, the Shan in Myanmar, the Northern Thailand in Thailand, and the Laotian tribe in other countries. The latter includes The “Huayao Dai” ethnic groups in the Yuanjiang, the Red River and Jinping counties in China, the “Dai and Dai” ethnic groups in the north of Thailand and the northern Laos in other countries abroad. The Dai-Tai ethnic group in the first cultural circle believed in southern Buddhism, founded the text, and led the traditional Songkran (Songkran Festival). Its poetry is profoundly influenced by Buddhism and Indian culture. In the second cultural circle Dai - Thai nation, due to the colorful costumes in China they are simply referred to as “Huayao Dai”. They generally believe in the original religion of the gods, ancestral spirits and other mountain and river valleys. They just pour in the water, but have the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and so on. Apart from the fact that the Jin people used to create “Jinping Daiwen” in their history, the other “Huayao Dai” groups did not have their own texts, and almost all of their literature was oral traditions. Due to the use of words or not, the Dai-Thai nationalities in different cultural circles have different ways of inheriting epic poems and narrative poems. The first cultural circle of Dai Dai, Dai Ni, Dai Run, Dai Mao and other branches, the use of text and poetry records down, long ago embarked on a verbal and written poetry common development. At the same time, all the “Huayao Dai” armies still develop and inherit ancient oral poems because they do not have any written language. Although the development of epic traditions differs between the two cultural circles, both oral traditions and written poems follow a common rhyme of poetry. The general rhythm format in his poetry is “waist rhyme ”. Perhaps this is the gene shared by all the Dai - Thai national poems.