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俗词源是各族语言中普遍存在着的特别有趣的现象。与科学的词源学相比,它显然不是对词义的正确溯源。索绪尔称之为“流俗词源”(Popular Etymology),他说:“那是把难以索解的词同某种熟悉的东西加以联系,借以做出近似的解释的尝试。”当然,这种“尝试”有些是近似的,有些却是荒谬的。从心理学角度来看,每个掌握本族语言的人都有这种“猜字”的欲望和能力(Adrian Room称为inbult word wonder ability),即以已掌握的知识结构去分解那些他并不完全熟悉的词;操某种语言的个体或群体,对于他或他们在认识新词语时的心理感觉来说,相似的音、相似的感觉,或多或少会与其旧有的建立起某种联系,尽管它并不完全正确。心理学中所阐明的各种联想、类推通感,在这里依其民族的特色,发挥着巨大的作用。俗词源的存在就是必然的了。这在具有分析性趋势的语言中又尤为明显。
Popular etymology is a particularly interesting phenomenon that prevails in all languages. Compared with the science of etymology, it is obviously not the right trace of meaning. Saussure calls it Popular Etymology: “That is an attempt to relate an inextricable word to something familiar to make an approximate explanation.” Of course, this Some kind of “try” is approximate, some absurd. From a psychological point of view, everyone who understands the native language has this “guess word” desires and abilities (Adrian Room, called inbult word wonder ability), which decomposes those who have mastered the knowledge structure Words that are not completely familiar; Individuals or groups speaking a certain language feel similar or similar to his or their psychological perception of a new term more or less in the same way as their old established Contact, though it is not entirely correct. All kinds of associations and analogies revealed in psychology play an important role here according to their national characteristics. The existence of vulgar word source is inevitable. This is especially true in languages with analytical trends.