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清朝后期,侵略者接连不断的海上入侵和边防蚕食致使中国边疆动荡不安,直接刺激着清朝后期国防思想的大变革、大发展,形成了以“师夷长技以制夷”为主体的反侵略思想,由海防战略思想、海岸和海港建设思想、海军建设思想共同支撑的海防思想和以“中外之防”的治边思想、内外兼顾的陆防思想为主要内容的边防思想。这些思想影响了一系列清朝后期的反侵略战争与军事变革,较之传统国防思想有一定的进步意义。但是,由于其本质上的被动性、不彻底性,就其理论水平而言仍存在着诸多缺失与不足。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the continuous invasion by the invaders at sea and border encroachment caused uneasiness in China’s border areas and directly stimulated the great revolution and great development of the national defense thinking in the late Qing Dynasty. As a result, Anti-aggression ideology and the ideology of border defense that is mainly supported by the ideas of the coastal defense and harbor construction and the naval construction and the ideology of border defense with the ideology of “border defense” both at home and abroad as the principle of “border defense” both at home and abroad. These ideas influenced a series of anti-aggression wars and military reforms in the late Qing Dynasty, which were more progressive than the traditional thinking on national defense. However, due to its inherent passive nature and incompleteness, there are still many deficiencies and deficiencies in terms of its theoretical level.