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为了减少网箱养鱼对养殖水体的污染,探寻环保型网箱,实现网箱养鱼的可持续发展,以筛选得到的漂浮植物大薸(Pistia stratiotes)和沉水植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,通过设置金鱼藻-大薸混养生态网箱与传统网箱进行对比,考察其对网箱养殖长吻氮磷排放的影响。试验结果表明,生态网箱氮和磷的回收率分别为49.86%±0.94%、38.07%±0.62%,传统网箱氮和磷的回收率分别为44.60%±0.85%、33.17%±0.58%,生态网箱与传统网箱氮磷的回收率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。生态网箱氮和磷的利用率分别为28.13%±1.48%和16.95%±1.09%,传统网箱氮和磷的利用率分别为26.40%±1.89%和15.64%±1.47%,生态网箱氮磷利用率稍高于传统网箱,但两者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过分析网箱养鱼系统中氮和磷输入和输出的途径及其总量,当网箱面积与大薸和金鱼藻种植面积为1∶17.00左右时,养殖长吻网箱的氮和磷为零排放。
In order to reduce the pollution of aquaculture water by cage aquaculture, explore the environment-friendly cage and realize the sustainable development of aquaculture in the cage, the screened Pistia stratiotes and the submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum As the research object, we compared the effects of different settings of Platycladus orientalis-Macrobrachium polyculture ecology cage on traditional cage, The results showed that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecological cage were 49.86% ± 0.94% and 38.07% ± 0.62% respectively. The recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in conventional cage were 44.60% ± 0.85% and 33.17% ± 0.58%, respectively. The recoveries of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecological cage and traditional cage were significantly different (P <0.05). The utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological cage were 28.13% ± 1.48% and 16.95% ± 1.09%, respectively. The utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the traditional cage were 26.40% ± 1.89% and 15.64% ± 1.47%, respectively. Phosphorus utilization rate slightly higher than the traditional cage, but the difference between the two was not significant (P> 0.05). Through the analysis of the input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus in the cage fish-farming system and its total amount, when the area of the cage is about 1:17.00 with the planting area of the bighead tree and the alga, the nitrogen and phosphorus Zero emissions.