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在水运营运中,经常会发生各种情况下的石油流失,因而使水域和沿岸地带受到污染。消除石油污染是一项艰巨的、代价昂贵的工作。 本文根据有关文献综合介绍了溢油的扩散、迁移、陈化、消除石汕污染的方法及经验 等。 一、海洋中的石油污染源 由于大型油轮遇难而造成的多次重大海洋石油污染事件,曾引起全世界广泛的注意。尽管这类海损事件在每年由于人类活动所造成的海洋石油污染中只占10-15％左右,但由此而产生的聚油会严重的污染海岸带,使动、植物界受到极大的危害,破坏水环境的生态平衡。 由于各种海损事故而进入海洋的石油总量,估计为世界石油年开采量的0.01-0.1％,约为5×109吨,其中有40%是由于油轮排放压舱水造成的。采用“装于上部”法后,可使油轮溢油造成的海洋石油污染有所减少。而采取罚款赔偿损失、对各种海损溢油事故在报纸上进行广泛的报导,以引起强烈的舆论反响等,无疑会导致人们进一步采取更为有效的防止海损溢油措施及同溢油作斗争的方法。
In the course of water transport operations, oil loss under various circumstances often occurs, thus polluting waters and coastal areas. Eliminating oil pollution is a daunting and costly task. Based on the relevant literature, this article comprehensively introduced the methods and experiences of oil spill diffusion, migration, aging, and elimination of pollution in Shishan. First, the marine oil pollution sources Due to the death of a large oil tanker caused major marine oil pollution incidents, has aroused widespread attention around the world. Although such maritime damage accounts for only about 10-15% of the marine oil pollution caused by human activities each year, the resulting oil pollution will seriously pollute the coastal zone and cause great harm to the animal and plant communities , Destroy the ecological balance of water environment. The total amount of oil entering the ocean due to various maritime accidents is estimated to be 0.01-0.1% of the world’s annual oil production, about 5 × 109 tons, of which 40% is due to tanker discharge of ballast water. Offshore Oil Pollution Caused by Spill of Oil Tanker Slightly Reduced after Adopted “Top Installation”. However, it is doubtless that people will take more effective measures to prevent sea oil spills and combat oil spills by adopting extensive compensation for damages and extensive coverage in the newspapers of various types of sea-breaking oil spills to arouse strong public opinion. Methods.