目的探讨宫颈高度鳞状上皮内病变治疗后高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的消退规律,了解术后高危型HPV持续感染与病变残留或复发之间的关系。方法对2003年1月至2007年12月在广东省人民医院因宫颈高度鳞状上皮内病变行宫颈电环切除术的502例妇女的随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果术前存在高危型HPV感染的宫颈高度鳞状上皮内病变进行宫颈电环切除术治疗后,术后6、12、18、24个月HPV清除率分别为83.63%、94.39%、97.31%、98.88%。术后高危型HPV持续感染人群病变残留或复发率达26.85%。结论宫颈电环切除术后6个月高危型HPV己大部分消退,术后2年基本完全消退。术后宫危型HPV持续感染是病变残留或复发的高危因素,术后HPV阳性妇女,宜严密随访。 Objective To investigate the rule of regression of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) after cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and to investigate the relationship between persistent high risk HPV infection and residual or recurrence of disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the follow-up data of 502 women undergoing cervical electrocorticotomy for cervical intraepithelial grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from January 2003 to December 2007 in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Results HPV-positive rate was 83.63%, 94.39% and 97.31% respectively at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after cervical electrosurgical excision of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia with high-risk HPV infection. 98.88%. Postoperative high-risk HPV persistent infection in patients with residual disease or recurrence rate of 26.85%. Conclusion Most of the high-risk HPV patients have regressed at 6 months after cervical ring resection and almost completely disappeared 2 years after the operation. Postoperative persistent intrauterine infection of HPV is the risk of residual disease or recurrence, postoperative HPV-positive women, should be closely followed.