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[目的]了解某砷化镓加工企业砷和砷化镓暴露水平及工人的健康状况。[方法]车间空气样品采集依据GBZ 159—2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》,设置29个采样点,采集砷和砷化镓的空气样本共147份。职业健康检查依据GBZ 188—2007《职业健康监护技术规范》进行,调查内容包括既往史、职业史、家族史等。应用SPSS 17.0软件,通过χ~2检验、秩和检验等方法分析环境检测结果及327名砷作业工人职业健康检查结果。[结果]80件砷的空气样品超标率为3.8%。67件砷化镓样品中,35件超过美国政府工业卫生医师协会(ACGIH)推荐的时间加权平均阈限值(0.000 3 mg/m3),超限值率为52.2%。未检出神经系统和尿砷异常人员,尿砷质量浓度中位数为6μg/L,男性尿砷平均秩次为174.7,高于女性145.6(χ~2=7.237,P<0.05)。皮肤异常检出率为2.5%,均在工龄>5年的工人中检出。不同工龄组工人皮肤、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素异常率差异无统计学意义。男性5~10年工龄组的血清总胆红素、<5年及5~10年工龄组的ALT异常率高于女性。未发现浓度超标车间工人皮肤、血清总胆红素、ALT异常率高于其他工人。[结论]该企业作业环境中的砷大多数为低浓度暴露,作业工人中出现了皮肤损害及ALT异常的情况,个别工种接触砷浓度较高,企业需关注重点岗位工人健康状况。
[Objective] To understand the level of arsenic and gallium arsenide exposure in a gallium arsenide processing enterprise and the health status of workers. [Method] The collection of workshop air samples was based on GBZ 159-2004 Sampling Specifications for the Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in the Workplace. 29 sampling points were set up and 147 air samples of arsenic and gallium arsenide were collected. Occupational health examination according to GBZ 188-2007 “Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications”, the survey includes past history, occupation history, family history and so on. The SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the environmental test results and the occupational health examination results of 327 workers exposed to arsenic through χ ~ 2 test, rank sum test and other methods. [Result] The over-standard rate of air samples from 80 arsenic samples was 3.8%. Of the 67 gallium arsenide samples, 35 exceeded the time-weighted mean threshold (0.000 3 mg / m3) recommended by the American Institute of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) with an overrun rate of 52.2%. The median of urinary arsenic concentrations was 6μg / L in patients with abnormal nervous system and urinary arsenic. The average urinary arsenic rank in male was 174.7, which was higher than that of female 145.6 (χ ~ 2 = 7.237, P <0.05). Skin abnormalities were detected at 2.5%, all detected in workers> 5 years of service. There was no significant difference in the abnormal skin rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum total bilirubin among workers of different working age groups. Serum total bilirubin in males aged 5 to 10 years was higher than that in females at <5 years and 5 to 10 years. No concentration of workers found in the workshop skin, serum total bilirubin, abnormal ALT rate higher than other workers. [Conclusion] The majority of arsenic in the operating environment of the enterprise was exposed to low concentrations. There were skin lesions and ALT abnormalities in working workers. Individual workers exposed to high levels of arsenic, and enterprises should pay attention to the health status of workers in key posts.