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本文基于1999～2007年中国规模以上制造业企业微观数据,从企业异质性角度出发,采用国际前沿性的倍差匹配法,首次对中国制造业企业出口行为与生产率之间的因果关系进行了双向检验。研究结果表明,整体而言,中国制造业企业同时存在显著的出口学习效应和自选择效应,而且这两种效应均随着时间的推移逐渐增强。进一步考虑企业规模异质性的研究证实,不同规模企业的出口学习效应和自选择效应存在明显的差异,小型企业从这两种效应中获得的生产率提高作用更强。
Based on the micro-data of manufacturing enterprises above designated size from 1999 to 2007 in China, this paper uses the internationally advanced double-difference matching method from the perspective of the heterogeneity of enterprises to make the first causal relationship between the export behavior and productivity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises Two-way inspection. The results show that, overall, Chinese manufacturing enterprises have significant export learning effects and self-selection effects at the same time, and both of these effects increase gradually with the passage of time. The further study on the heterogeneity of firm size confirms that there are obvious differences between the export learning and self-selecting effects of different scale enterprises. The productivity gains from these two effects are enhanced by small enterprises.