针对种种关于将毛泽东与民粹主义相联系的观点,本文指出,毛泽东对中国革命和建设道路的探索主要表现为:毛泽东把坚持无产阶级的领导同发挥农民的革命主力军作用统一起来,这是中国共产党领导的农民战争与民粹主义的本质区别;毛泽东的新民主主义理论,正确解决了中国社会经过新民主主义走向社会主义的历史选择问题;毛泽东作为探索中国社会主义现代化建设道路的开拓者,其历史功绩应当用最浓的笔墨记载在史册上。 In view of all the opinions about linking Mao Zedong to populism, this paper points out that Mao Zedong’s exploration of the Chinese revolution and construction path mainly shows as follows: Mao Zedong unifies the leadership of the proletariat with the revolutionary main force of the peasantry, Mao Zedong’s theory of neo-democratism correctly solved the historical choice of Chinese society going through socialism through neo-democratization. Mao Zedong, as a pioneer in exploring the road to socialist modernization in China, Historical merit should be recorded in the annals of history with the strongest ink.