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钻孔在地下空间的位置与形态，是根据地质、工程的要求进行设计的，其钻孔轴线，一般设计成空间直线型的垂直或倾斜孔，也有设计成空间曲线型的定向孔。无论何种线型，它们在地下空间都有一定的线型轨迹。在钻探施工中，由于地质和工艺等因素，其实际钻孔轴线，往往不同程度地偏离原设计钻孔轴线的轨迹，各个孔段出现顶角增大或减小和方位角增大或减小的现状，从而改变了原设计的轨迹和形态，这种现象就叫钻孔弯曲。运用不同的测量方法和测量仪器，测定出实际施工钻孔轴线在地下的空间座标位置，确定其空间形态。这一实践过程就是钻孔弯曲测量，简称测斜。
The location and shape of the borehole in the underground space are designed according to the requirements of geology and engineering. The drilling axis is generally designed as a vertical or inclined hole with spatial linearity, and also as a directional hole designed as a spatial curve type. No matter what type of line, they have a certain linear trajectory in the underground space. In drilling construction, due to geological and technological factors, the actual drilling axis tends to deviate to some extent from the trajectory of the originally designed drilling axis. The peak angles of all the holes increase or decrease and the azimuth increases or decreases The status quo, thus changing the trajectory and shape of the original design, this phenomenon is called drilling bending. Different measuring methods and measuring instruments are used to determine the spatial coordinates of the actual drilling axis in the ground and determine the spatial shape. This practice is the drilling bending measurement, referred to as measuring oblique.