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本文描述了2008年金融危机前后欧盟劳动力市场的总体表现和与美、日的差异,按照国家组别、产业结构、劳动力素质等类别指标进行分类解析,并揭示了其特点,如失业呈钝化趋势、各国劳力市场保护加强等。本文然后探究了这些表现和特点的原因:国别产业结构和发展阶段差异、高福利制度拖累、劳动力市场机制僵化、危机前相关国家劳动力市场改革和欧盟就业政策的贡献等。最后,本文介绍了成员国和欧盟应对危机冲击、改善劳动力市场表现的长短期举措。
This paper describes the overall performance of the EU labor market before and after the financial crisis in 2008 and the differences with the United States and Japan. It classifies and analyzes the categories of indicators such as country groups, industrial structure and labor quality and reveals their characteristics such as passivation of the unemployed Trend, the protection of labor markets in various countries and so on. The paper then explores the reasons for these manifestations and characteristics: differences in the country’s industrial structure and stage of development, the drag on the high welfare system, the rigidities of the labor market mechanism, the labor market reforms in the countries concerned before the crisis and the contribution of the EU’s employment policy. Finally, the paper presents short-term and long-term measures taken by member states and the EU to combat crisis shocks and improve labor market performance.