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中俄原油管道经漠河进入中国,穿越我国北方多年冻土区和季节冻土区,受冻融影响可能引起管道的变形破坏。介绍了国内外高寒冻土区输油管道冻胀安全性问题的研究历程;研究分析了冻胀理论模型:饱和冻土中水分的迁移模型、冰晶体形成原理的一维冻胀模型等;给出了低温环境下管道结构防护的主要工程措施:管道四周回填和允许冻胀法设计;论述了饱和正冻土和非饱和正冻土中的水、热、力耦合模型理论;提出以改善数值物理模型与高性能管道钢材开发为科研攻关的研究方向,为高寒冻土区管道的安全建设和运行提供参考。
The crude oil pipelines of China and Russia have entered China through the Mohe River and crossed the permafrost regions and seasonal permafrost regions in northern China. The deformation and damage of the pipelines may be caused by the impact of the freeze-thaw cycles. This paper introduces the research process of the frost heaving safety of oil pipeline in the permafrost region at home and abroad. The theoretical model of frost heaving is analyzed and studied: the model of water migration in saturated frozen soil, the one-dimensional frost heave model of ice crystal formation principle, etc .; The main engineering measures of pipe structure protection in low temperature environment are as follows: Backfill around pipelines and design of allowable frost heave method; The theory of coupling model of water, heat and force in saturated and non-saturated ostracite is discussed; Model and high-performance steel pipe for the development of scientific research research direction for the permafrost pipe construction and operation of the safe to provide a reference.